Property improvement of pulsed laser deposited boron carbide films by pulse shortening

Growth characteristics and surface morphology of boron carbide films fabricated by ablating a B₄C target in high vacuum with a traditional KrF excimer laser and a high brightness hybrid dye/excimer laser system emitting at the same wavelength while delivering 700 fs pulses are compared. The ultrashort pulse processing is highly effective. Energy densities between 0.25 and 2 J cm⁻² result in apparent growth rates ranging from 0.017 to 0.085 nm/pulse. Ablation with nanosecond pulses of one order of magnitude higher energy densities yields smaller growth rates, the figures increase from 0.002 to 0.016 nm/pulse within the 2-14.3 J cm⁻² fluence window. 2D thickness maps derived from variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry reveal that, when ablating with sub-ps pulses, the spot size rather than the energy density determines both the deposition rate and the angular distribution of film material. Pulse shortening leads to significant improvement in surface morphology, as well. While droplets with number densities ranging from 1 × 10⁴ to 7 × 10⁴ mm⁻² deteriorate the surface of the films deposited by the KrF excimer laser, sub-ps pulses produce practically droplet-free films. The absence of droplets has also a beneficial effect on the stoichiometry and homogeneity of the films fabricated by ultrashort pulses.     

Electron beam induced modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Electron beam processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films is found to promote significant changes in the melting heat, intrinsic viscosity and polymer film-liquid (water, isooctane and toluene) boundary surface tension. These properties are featured with several maximums depending on the absorbed dose and correlating with the modification of PET surface functionality. Studies using adsorption of acid-base indicators and IR-spectroscopy revealed that the increase of PET surface hydrophilicity is determined by the oxidation of methylene and methyne groups. Electron beam treatment of PET films on the surface of N-vinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution provided graft copolymerization with this comonomer at optimum process parameters (energy 700 keV, current 1 mA, absorbed dose 50 kGy).     

Approximating schedules for dynamic process graphs efficiently

A model for parallel and distributed programs, the dynamic process graph (DPG), is investigated under graph-theoretic and complexity aspects. Such graphs embed constructors for parallel programs, synchronization mechanisms as well as conditional branches. They are capable of representing all possible executions of a parallel or distributed program in a very compact way. The size of this representation can be as small as logarithmic with respect to the size of any execution of the program.

In a preceding paper [A. Jakoby, et al., Scheduling dynamic graphs, in: Proc. 16th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects in Computer Science STACS'99, LNCS, vol. 1563, Springer, 1999, pp. 383–392] we have analysed the expressive power of the general model and various variants of it. We have considered the scheduling problem for DPGs given enough parallelism taking into account communication delays between processors when exchanging data. Given a DPG the question arises whether it can be executed (that means whether the corresponding parallel program has been specified correctly), and what is its minimum schedule length.

In this paper we study a subclass of dynamic process graphs called -output DPGs, which are appropriate in many situations, and investigate their expressive power. In a previous paper we have shown that the problem to determine the minimum schedule length is still intractable for this subclass, namely this problem is -complete as is the general case. Here we will investigate structural properties of the executions of such graphs. A natural graph-theoretic conjecture that executions must always split into components that are isomorphic to subgraphs turns out to be wrong. We are able to prove a weaker property. This implies a quadratic upper bound on the schedule length that may be necessary in the worst case, in contrast to the general case, where the optimal schedule length may be exponential with respect to the size of the representing DPG. Making this bound constructive, we obtain an approximation to a -complete problem. Computing such a schedule and then executing the program can be done on a parallel machine in polynomial time in a highly distributive fashion.     

大焦深成像系统仿真实验研究

如何增大非相干光学成像系统的焦深是应用光学研究领域的热点问题.本文对采用高次非球面光学掩模板与图像处理相结合增大成像光学系统焦深的新方法进行了深入分析,建立了大焦深成像系统仿真实验模型,并进行了大焦深成像系统仿真实验.实验结果证明了该方法在维持原相对孔径的同时使光学系统在较大的离焦范围内有好的成像质量.实际应用中还要综合考虑模板参量、信噪比等关键因素.     

未确知数学方法处理物理实验数据

介绍未确知数学方法，并用未确知数学方法分析处理物理实验数据，与传统的数据处理方法比较，未确知数学方法不必对数据作任何假设，因此更合理，也更符合实际。     

数码相机原理与系统设计研究

介绍了数码相机的工作原理 ,分析了数码相机的系统结构 ,提出了设计数码相机的处理流程。典型的数码相机系统有镜头、闪光灯、光学取景器、LCD显示屏、图像数据存储扩展设备接口、图像数据传输接口、供电系统以及核心处理器等八个主要模块。数码相机的数据流向从图像传感器开始 ,止于图像数据的存储和传输。数据流的处理主要包括模数转换、光学黑电平钳位、针对镜头的边缘畸变的运算修正、坏像素处理、白平衡处理、伽马校正、色彩合成处理、边缘检测 (锐度检测 )和伪彩色检测 (伪彩色抑制 )、JPEG压缩和图像存储器等模块     

谈DBASEⅢ数组变量的设计与应用

本文提出混合类型数组的概念,将DBASEⅢ管理系统数据库转换成二维数组变量,解决了在DBASEⅢ中没有数组变量的缺陷。为通用管理程序的设计、不同类型数据的处理以及提高运行速度等,都带来很多方便。     

面向对象的系统活动描述方法

通过实例介绍了系统活动作为一个对象／类的概念，给出了对系统活动进行分析和建模的一般步骤，提出了系统活动描述的形式化方法。     

微机字处理软件CAI开发方法的研究

本文阐述了研究计算机软件ＣＡＩ开发方法学的意义，并介绍了字处理软件Ｗｏｒｄｓｔａｒ的教学软件的开发方法．     

铝电解过程控制信号的滤波与噪声解析模型的研究

将快速傅里叶变换技术和数字滤波器设计技术应用于铝电解过程控制信号的滤波与噪声解析模型中,在160kA中间点式下料预焙槽上的试验结果表明了模型的有效性。