Surface correlations of hydrodynamic drag for transitionally rough engineering surfaces

Rough surfaces are usually characterised by a single equivalent sand-grain roughness height scale that typically needs to be determined from laboratory experiments. Recently, this method has been complemented by a direct numerical simulation approach, whereby representative surfaces can be scanned and the roughness effects computed over a range of Reynolds number. This development raises the prospect over the coming years of having enough data for different types of rough surfaces to be able to relate surface characteristics to roughness effects, such as the roughness function that quantifies the downward displacement of the logarithmic law of the wall. In the present contribution, we use simulation data for 17 irregular surfaces at the same friction Reynolds number, for which they are in the transitionally rough regime. All surfaces are scaled to the same physical roughness height. Mean streamwise velocity profiles show a wide range of roughness function values, while the velocity defect profiles show a good collapse. Profile peaks of the turbulent kinetic energy also vary depending on the surface. We then consider which surface properties are important and how new properties can be incorporated into an empirical model, the accuracy of which can then be tested. Optimised models with several roughness parameters are systematically developed for the roughness function and profile peak turbulent kinetic energy. In determining the roughness function, besides the known parameters of solidity (or frontal area ratio) and skewness, it is shown that the streamwise correlation length and the root-mean-square roughness height are also significant. The peak turbulent kinetic energy is determined by the skewness and root-mean-square roughness height, along with the mean forward-facing surface angle and spanwise effective slope. The results suggest feasibility of relating rough-wall flow properties (throughout the range from hydrodynamically smooth to fully rough) to surface parameters.     

基于后向散射模型的蒸汽湿度测量及仿真

为了更加准确地测量出汽轮机末级蒸汽湿度,为锅炉给水量提供依据,促进汽轮机内部除湿技术的发展,采用了后向角散射法的思路设计了湿蒸汽参数测量模型,并对模型所需物理量进行了详细的计算,为后向散射法测量蒸汽湿度的研究提供参考。通过对模型进行仿真模拟以及实验研究,得到了后向散射光光强数据。通过对比仿真模拟数据与实验数据,验证了该模型的可行性与有效性,对光散射法测量蒸汽湿度的实验分析以及工程实践具有重要意义。     

非对称空间外差光谱仪自适应频率跟踪处理方法

非对称空间外差光谱技术是一种新型的超高分辨率遥感探测技术,要求后期的数据处理技术也具有相应的超高准确度.从数字信号处理的角度,提出了一种自适应的频率跟踪处理方法,根据信号的空间频率来插值补偿信号的相位偏移,并且递归迭代出最接近真实值的相位信息.经仿真实验对比验证表明,在噪声干扰强度不大的条件下,相较于传统傅里叶变换方法,本文算法对信号频率和相位提取的准确度提高了约100倍以上,能够有效降低非对称空间外差光谱技术的系统误差.     

偏振显示及椭圆偏振光测量实验

以单束正交线偏振光为光源,利用角向偏振显示器,采用CCD摄像机进行图像采集,利用Matlab软件进行图像处理,设计了一种由He-Ne激光器、角向偏振显示器组成的偏振光偏振方向显示系统,并研究了其角度特性.实验结果表明:系统在起偏器的起偏角分别为0°、90°、180°、270°、360°时,角向偏振显示器偏振显示角度的测量准确度分别为0.480°、0.168°、0.528°、0.421°、0.340°,测量精确度分别为0.208°、0.576°、0.660°、0.603°、0.466°,测量数据拟合曲线的线性相关系数为0.999.结合1/4波片,检偏器和分光比为50:50的分束器,构建了椭圆偏振光测量系统,完成了椭圆偏振光测量实验,椭圆率为0.198.     

低阻抗脉冲电子束加速器的二极管参数测量

低阻抗脉冲电子束加速器二极管的状态对加速器的调试运行是十分重要的。采用WP-2250可编程数字化系统将二极管电流、电压及电流随时间变化率波形进行时间关联、记录,通过数据处理获得了所需的二极管参数和二极管动态参数。     

Holographic image subtraction using a polarization technique

A holographic image subtraction technique is proposed. The vector nature of light is utilized in introducing a phase difference of π between the two reconstructed object waves. The experimental results are also presented.     

抛物面镜系统的光学图像处理

讨论了抛物面镜的变换特性;提出用一个凹抛物面反射镜组成光学图像处理系统,进行了相干光,部分相干光和白光的若干光学图像处理实验,证明了系统的可行性,并对系统的实用意义作了若干讨论.     

MNA/PMMA有机薄膜光波导

研究出MNA/PMMA有机薄膜光波导。用棱镜耦合器进行了波导参数的测量,发现薄膜呈现各向异性,有较大的双折射。     

等离子体全息干涉条纹的数据处理

本文介绍了用全息干涉法诊断爆炸丝等离子体的数据处理方法。在考虑等离子体区域为轴对称的情况下,给出了由折射率计算等离子体电子密度的计算公式。在爆炸丝能量为9.6J的情况下,拍摄到了延时3μs的爆炸丝等离子体干涉图。运用计算机图象处理技术对反拍后的干涉图进行了处理,获得了较为理想的干涉图。用微机控制的线阵CCD摄像机判读了干涉条纹漂移。给出了等离子体密度随径向分布的曲线,并得到相应的等离子体密度在中心处约为10¹⁶个/cm³。     

应用理性优化蚁群算法提高激光三维复制的重现度

三维复制人工耳和打印手枪把激光三维复制技术推向新的一页。激光三维扫描是激光应用中一个新兴的重要领域,在三维复制中扮演着无可替代的角色,其复制精度在目前所有复制技术中是最高的。而重现度标志着复制结果与复制对象几何形状上的一致程度,是激光三维复制最重要的指标。分析了激光三维复制的误差,得出激光扫描的点云数据处理是减小误差、提高重现度的关键所在的结论。主要创新点在于,在传统蚁群算法的基础上,将提出理性优化蚁群算法应用于激光三维复制中的数据处理。经计算对比发现,有效减小了复制的误差,提高了复制的重现度。