“知识产权是私权”再认识

关于《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(简称TRIPS协议)序言中提及的认识到知识产权是私权,历来对此都有不同的理解。因此,本文运用法律解释、历史分析等方法,分析这句话在TRIPS协议谈判中的法律内涵、来龙去脉、文本演变以及背后的理念之争,从而明确了所谓私权的表述,重点在于区分私有权利与公共利益和确定权利人与政府的责任划分。     

从汉代的采风政策与董仲舒的家庭观看汉乐府民歌妇女形象

汉乐府民歌中的妇女形象具有奇行异事化的倾向,其原因有三:一为叙事文体本要追求奇行异事;二为汉代的采风政策鼓励采集具有奇行异事的人物;三为汉代家庭现强调妻子对家庭的支持作用的一面。     

智能结构振动控制结构动态特征信息的采集

根据智能结构振动控制要进行结构动态特征信息的采集，论述了结构动态特征信息采集的组成结构和各部分的作用。说明特征信息采集程序的设计思想、主要功能和原理、经过实验证明论文建立的软件与硬件结合的结构特征信息采集系统是行之有效的。     

一个实用的加密系统的设计

本文讨论了一种以密钥管理为核心，以协议作为对外部分，算法作为辅助部分的加密系统的实现方案。     

中国商标法精神的法治价值取向--私权优位论

经过2001年第二次修订的中国《商标法》,明显加大了对商标权人的保护力度,它是"知识产权是私权"理论的重要成果之一。商标财产的私权属性是现代法治的基本要求,这从近现代财产权理论论证其知识产权的正当性当中显而易见。新修订的《商标法》在许多方面体现了保护私权的重要性,并不失与现代法治所要求的符合国际发展趋势的立法方向。     

民营企业激励机制研究

激励机制是通过一套理性化的制度来反映激励主体与激励客体相互作用的方式,良好的激励机制设计对企业的发展起到至关重要的作用.本文以民营企业为分析对象,在阐述激励对民营企业的重要意义和民营企业激励机制现状的基础上,提出了建立有效激励机制的基础和主要措施.     

美国高中化学教科书教师用书的教学属性研究

以美国高中化学教科书教师用书Holt Chemistry California Teacher's Edition为例,研究其教学属性,发现其与美国纽约州科学教育标准契合,学情分析指导全面,教学目标的阐述具体明确,教学策略的设计结构化,学习评价资源丰富多样,对我国高中化学教科书教师用书的编写、高中化学教学设计均有所启示。     

Effects of Roxadustat on Erythropoietin Production in the Rat Body

Anemia is a major complication of chronic renal failure. To treat this anemia, prolylhydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) inhibitors as well as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been used. Although PHD inhibitors rapidly stimulate erythropoietin (Epo) production, the precise sites of Epo production following the administration of these drugs have not been identified. We developed a novel method for the detection of the Epo protein that employs deglycosylation-coupled Western blotting. With protein deglycosylation, tissue Epo contents can be quantified over an extremely wide range. Using this method, we examined the effects of the PHD inhibitor, Roxadustat (ROX), and severe hypoxia on Epo production in various tissues in rats. We observed that ROX increased Epo mRNA expression in both the kidneys and liver. However, Epo protein was detected in the kidneys but not in the liver. Epo protein was also detected in the salivary glands, spleen, epididymis and ovaries. However, both PHD inhibitors (ROX) and severe hypoxia increased the Epo protein abundance only in the kidneys. These data show that, while Epo is produced in many tissues, PHD inhibitors as well as severe hypoxia regulate Epo production only in the kidneys.     

Risk models for the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree problems with interval data

Given a connected graph G=(V,E)with a nonnegative cost on each edge in E,a nonnegative prize at each vertex in V,and a target set V′V,the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree(PCST)problem is to find a tree T in G interconnecting all vertices of V′such that the total cost on edges in T minus the total prize at vertices in T is minimized.The PCST problem appears frequently in practice of operations research.While the problem is NP-hard in general,it is polynomial-time solvable when graphs G are restricted to series-parallel graphs.In this paper,we study the PCST problem with interval costs and prizes,where edge e could be included in T by paying cost xe∈[c e,c+e]while taking risk(c+e xe)/(c+e c e)of malfunction at e,and vertex v could be asked for giving a prize yv∈[p v,p+v]for its inclusion in T while taking risk(yv p v)/(p+v p v)of refusal by v.We establish two risk models for the PCST problem with interval data.Under given budget upper bound on constructing tree T,one model aims at minimizing the maximum risk over edges and vertices in T and the other aims at minimizing the sum of risks over edges and vertices in T.We propose strongly polynomial-time algorithms solving these problems on series-parallel graphs to optimality.Our study shows that the risk models proposed have advantages over the existing robust optimization model,which often yields NP-hard problems even if the original optimization problems are polynomial-time solvable.