采用图像定位与轮廓检测的喷墨宽度测量算法

提出基于图像定位与轮廓检测的喷墨宽度测量算法.首先,根据图像灰度熵特征与旋转定位函数,提出基于动态阈值熵函数分割与EmguCV的产品定位算子,得到产品中心点坐标与旋转角度;然后,传递给机器人Robert,引导Robert到产品边缘喷墨上方进行局部图像采集;最后,采用大律法分割法处理喷墨边缘图像,设计基于Canny边缘检测与轮廓检测的测量算子,从而完成喷墨宽度测量.实验数据显示:与当前目标宽度测量技术相比,文中算法具有更高的测量精度与稳定性.     

基于效率和时空资源的交通网络可靠性评价分析

为准确评估交通网络运行质量和设置合理性,从路段视角出发以运行效率、时间与空间资源作为评价维度,选取速度偏差率、高延时运行时间比和常发拥堵路段里程比作为评价指标,结合地理信息系统将可靠性和道路属性进行匹配,直观刻画不同路段可靠性的空间分布特征。结果表明：考虑效率和时空资源的可靠性评价方法准确度提升8.7%,且较为适用高等级道路和中长路段,最小误差平方和(sum of squares of minimum error, SSE)分别下降46.5%和56.5%;基于地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)的路段可靠性空间分布特征和实地调查结果相吻合;效率和时空资源对于可靠性的影响权重分别为0.378、0.210、0.412。研究结果为进一步提升道路管理水平和交通网络运输质量提供了参考借鉴。     

基于粗糙集的科技项目团队能力评估分析研究

针对科技项目团队能力评估问题进行了研究,引入粗糙集和信息熵理论,总结以往项目经验,建立了基于粗糙集的团队能力指标评价模型。最后通过实例分析,对该模型的科学性和可行性进行了验证。     

基于改进最大熵法的复杂背景肤色检测

肤色检测是人脸检测的重要组成部分,特别是在复杂背景下,快速准确找到肤色是一个难点.在做肤色检测中首先通过对彩色图片进行自适应光照补偿,再采用改进的YCbCr色彩空间,建立肤色高斯模型,然后利用基于改进最大熵算法进行人脸肤色检测,之后进行形态学去噪处理.实验证明,该方法能有效地从复杂背景中检测出人脸肤色.     

天目山自然保护区生物多样性的熵值测度研究

说明了生态系统是典型的热力学开放系统,并具有耗散结构的特征,阐述了生物多样性的热力学熵机理.在此基础上提出了生物多样性的两个熵值测度指标,并分析了各指标的含义、两指标间的相互关系及其与传统测度指标机理上的对应性.用天目山自然保护区典型样地调查数据进行了验证,验证结果与生物多样性的熵值分析机理相一致.通过对比分析,笔者认为传统生物多样性测度指标没有考虑群落中各种群在个体数量上的绝对差异对生物多样性的影响,从而提出了生物多样性的熵值改进方法,并分析了与熵值测度指标密切相关的几个关键性问题及影响天目山群落生物多样性的主要原因.     

Application of Two Novel Acoustic Emission Parameters on Identifying the Instability of Granite

The issue of monitoring and early warning of rock instability has received increasing critical attention in the study of rock engineering. To investigate the damage evolution process of granite under triaxial compression tests, acoustic emission (AE) tests were performed simultaneously. This study firstly introduced two novel parameters, i.e., the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the information entropy and correlation dimension of the amplitude data from the AE tests, to identify the precursor of the failure of granite. Then the relationship between the changes in these parameters and the stress-time curve was compared and analyzed. The results of this study show that: (1) There is a strong correlation between the CoV of the information entropy and the failure process of granite. The granite failed when the CoV curve raised to a plateau, which could be used as an indicator of rock instability. (2) The fluctuation of the correlation dimension indicates the different stages during the loading process, i.e., the initial compaction stage, the linear elastic stage, the yield stage, and the failure stage. Each stage contains a descending and a rising process in the correlation dimension curve, and the exhibited starting point or the bottom point at the correlation dimension curve could be selected as the indicator point for the rock instability. (3) The combined analysis of the Information entropy and Correlation dimension can improve the accuracy of rock instability prediction. This study provides new insights into the prediction of rock instability, which has theoretical implications for the stability of subsurface engineering rock masses.     

A New Entropy Function to Analyze Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gases with Variable Specific Heats

A new entropy function s⁺ is defined in terms of the existing entropy function s° and temperature as s⁺ = s° − R lnT to facilitate the analysis of isentropic processes of ideal gases with variable specific heats. The function s⁺ also makes it possible to calculate the entropy changes of ideal gases during processes when volume information is available instead of pressure information and the variation of specific heats with temperature is to be accounted for. The introduction of the function s⁺ eliminates the need to use the dimensionless isentropic functions relative pressure P_r and relative specific volume v_r of ideal gases and to tabulate their values. The P_r and v_r data are often confused with pressure and specific volume, with an adverse effect on the study of the second law of thermodynamics. The new s⁺ function nicely complements the existing s° function in entropy change calculations: the former is conveniently used when volume information is given while the latter is used when pressure information is available. Therefore, the introduction of the new entropy function s⁺ is expected to make a significant contribution to the thermodynamics education and research by streamlining entropy analysis of ideal gases.     

From Chaos to Ordering: New Studies in the Shannon Entropy of 2D Patterns

Properties of the Voronoi tessellations arising from random 2D distribution points are reported. We applied an iterative procedure to the Voronoi diagrams generated by a set of points randomly placed on the plane. The procedure implied dividing the edges of Voronoi cells into equal or random parts. The dividing points were then used to construct the following Voronoi diagram. Repeating this procedure led to a surprising effect of the positional ordering of Voronoi cells, reminiscent of the formation of lamellae and spherulites in linear semi-crystalline polymers and metallic glasses. Thus, we can conclude that by applying even a simple set of rules to a random set of seeds, we can introduce order into an initially disordered system. At the same time, the Shannon (Voronoi) entropy showed a tendency to attain values that are typical for completely random patterns; thus, the Shannon (Voronoi) entropy does not distinguish the short-range ordering. The Shannon entropy and the continuous measure of symmetry of the patterns demonstrated the distinct asymptotic behavior, while approaching the close saturation values with the increase in the number of iteration steps. The Shannon entropy grew with the number of iterations, whereas the continuous measure of symmetry of the same patterns demonstrated the opposite asymptotic behavior. The Shannon (Voronoi) entropy is not an unambiguous measure of order in the 2D patterns. The more symmetrical patterns may demonstrate the higher values of the Shannon entropy.     

Effect of Ion and Binding Site on the Conformation of Chosen Glycosaminoglycans at the Albumin Surface

Albumin is one of the major components of synovial fluid. Due to its negative surface charge, it plays an essential role in many physiological processes, including the ability to form molecular complexes. In addition, glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate are crucial components of synovial fluid involved in the boundary lubrication regime. This study presents the influence of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions on human serum albumin–hyaluronan/chondroitin-6-sulfate interactions examined using molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations. We analyze chosen glycosaminoglycans binding by employing a conformational entropy approach. In addition, several protein–polymer complexes have been studied to check how the binding site and presence of ions influence affinity. The presence of divalent cations contributes to the decrease of conformational entropy near carboxyl and sulfate groups. This observation can indicate the higher affinity between glycosaminoglycans and albumin. Moreover, domains IIIA and IIIB of albumin have the highest affinity as those are two domains that show a positive net charge that allows for binding with negatively charged glycosaminoglycans. Finally, in discussion, we suggest some research path to find particular features that would carry information about the dynamics of the particular type of polymers or ions.     

Optimized Selection of Water Resource Allocation Schemes Based on Improved Connection Entropy in Beijing’s Southern Plain

Increased urbanization has caused problems such as increasing water consumption and the continuous deterioration of the groundwater environment. It is necessary to consider the groundwater quality in the water resource optimization system and increase the rate of reclaimed water development to reduce the amount of groundwater exploitation and achieve sustainable development of water resources. This study used the Daxing District, a region of Beijing’s southern plain, as an example to evaluate water quality by analyzing water quality data of surface and groundwater from 2012 to 2016 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Three groundwater extraction modes were set up based on NO₃–N concentrations, water resources were optimized under three extraction modes, and water resource optimization schemes were determined based on the improved connection entropy. The results show that (1) the surface water quality was poor, and the proportion of V₄ type water in the indexes of NH₃–N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was the largest. The surface water can only be used for agricultural irrigation. The pollution sources contributing most to NH₃–N and COD were domestic and agricultural pollution sources. (2) The groundwater quality was good. The NO₃–N index was primarily type I–III water, accounting for 95.20% of the total samples. Severe NH₃–N pollution areas were mainly in the northern region, and most regional groundwater can be used for various purposes. (3) Taking 2016 as an example, three groundwater exploitation modes were set to optimize water resource allocation, and the results showed that the rate of groundwater development and NO₃–N pollution decreased significantly after optimization. (4) Connection entropy is an evaluation method that combines connection numbers and entropy, including identify, difference, and opposition entropy. As connection entropy being a kind of complete entropy, which can reflect the difference of the system in different states, based on the improved connection entropy, the connection entropies of optimal water resource allocation and actual water-use schemes were calculated. The connection entropy of groundwater exploitation mode 3 was less than that of groundwater exploitation modes 1 and 2 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Therefore, exploitation mode 3’s water resource optimization scheme was recommended. In the paper, satisfactory results have been obtained. As a kind of complete entropy, connection entropy has great research value in dealing with complex hydrological problems. This study’s research methods and outcomes can provide methodological and theoretical lessons for water management in freshwater-deficient areas.