氧化铝载体对Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3催化剂上异丁烷脱氢性能的影响

采用盐酸回流法和氨水沉淀法合成了氧化铝载体,并通过络合真空浸渍法制备了不同来源氧化铝负载的Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。利用N₂物理吸附、CO脉冲吸附、H₂程序升温还原、NH₃程序升温脱附、热重等手段对Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行了表征,以异丁烷脱氢为探针反应研究了氧化铝载体对该催化剂脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,与由盐酸回流法合成的载体制备的催化剂相比,采用氨水沉淀法合成的氧化铝载体制备的Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表面具有较小的Pt颗粒和较弱的酸性分布,其脱氢活性及异丁烯选择性更优。14 d的连续运行数据显示,由氨水沉淀合成的载体制备的催化剂,其抗积炭能力更强,反应后催化剂的积炭石墨化程度更低,因而具有更好的稳定性;在该催化剂上,异丁烷初始转化率为56.67%,14 d后仍能达到34.71%,异丁烯初始选择性为80%,7 d后维持在94%左右。     

二氧化碳加氢直接合成二甲醚催化剂的研究 Ⅰ. 沉淀剂对催化剂结构和性能的影响

使用不同沉淀剂制备了CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5复合型催化剂，考察了其对CO2直接加氢的催化性能，并采用H2-TPR、XRD、BET、CO2-TPD、H2-TPD等表征方法对催化剂物化性质进行了表征。研究结果表明，沉淀剂对催化剂的反应性能、晶相结构、还原难易程度、以及对CO2、H2的吸附性能等均有显著影响。催化剂上存在两种吸附位，催化剂的活性、选择性与其吸附性能密切相关。研究结果可以较好地解释CO2直接转化为甲醇和二甲醚的反应机理。     

ZnO粉体的两种不同制备途径

本文用沉淀法和气相沉积法两种方法制备了ZnO粉体，对所得样品用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外吸收光谱(IR)进行了鉴定和表征，初步探讨了气相沉积法制备的ZnO微粒的生长机理，并对所用的两种制备方法作了简要的比较。     

双金属洋葱结构纳米Mo0.9W0.1S2的合成

0 引言 继碳富勒烯和碳纳米管的发现,1992年R.Tenne等首次在Nature上发表了具有类富勒烯和纳米管结构的WS_2,开创了非碳无机类富勒烯(Inorganic Fullerene-like,简称IF)纳米化合物研究的新领域。由于具有与富勒烯碳或碳纳米管相类似     

DNA在纳米金标上的组装、杂交、检测与银增强

利用电化学方法进行DNA的杂交检测.将目标ss-DNA固定在玻碳电极表面, 使其与纳米金标记的互补DNA发生杂化反应, 通过银增强试剂（该种试剂可以使银在纳米金表面沉积, 达到信号增强的效果）在纳米金上沉积银, 形成银包金的核壳结构.在酸性介质中沉积的银被氧化释放, 以离子状态存在于溶液中.用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)检测银离子从而达到间接检测目标DNA的目的.测定结果表明，ss-DNA的浓度在100～1 000 pmol•L－1 范围内有非常好的线性关系, 检测限为10 pmol•L－1.     

Ag3PO4的可见光光催化性能及机理分析

采用沉淀置换法制备了可见光光催化剂Ag3PO4,利用XRD、UV-Vis及XPS等对其进行了结构特性分析,以水中微污染有机物的降解评价了Ag3PO4的光催化活性,并通过活性物种及能带结构的分析对催化剂的光催化机理进行了推测。结果表明,Ag3PO4的带隙能约为1.9 eV、催化剂表面存在的Ag+可捕获光生e-、催化剂的价带电位较低,这有利于Ag3PO4在可见光照射下产生的e--h+的分离及活性物种.OH的形成。经60 min可见光光催化反应,15 mg.L-1的甲基橙和腐殖酸的降解率分别达97%和82%,比同等条件下TiO2-P25的降解率还高40%和25%,光催化剂Ag3PO4的用量为0.6 g.L-1。     

Time and poling history dependent energy storage and discharge behaviors in poly(vinylidene fluoride-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-hexafluoropropylene) random copolymers

 We studied cycle time (0.01–10 s with triangular input waves) and poling history (continuous versus fresh poling) dependent electric energy storage and discharge behaviors in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)] films using the electric displacement ― the electric field (D-E) hysteresis loop measurements. Since the permanent dipoles in PVDF are orientational in nature, it is generally considered that both charging and discharging processes should be time and poling history dependent. Intriguingly, our experimental results showed that the charging process depended heavily on the cycle time and the prior poling history, and thus the D-E hysteresis loops had different shapes accordingly. However, the discharged energy density did not change no matter how the D-E loop shape varied due to different measurements. This experimental result could be explained in terms of reversible and irreversible polarizations. The reversible polarization could be charged and discharged fairly quickly (< 5 ms for each process), while the irreversible polarization depended heavily on the poling time and the prior poling history. This study suggests that it is only meaningful to compare the discharged energy density for PVDF and its copolymer films when different cycle times and poling histories are used.     

罗丹明B分子印迹聚合物微球的合成及其在固相萃取中的应用

以罗丹明B为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备了罗丹明B分子印迹聚合物(MIP)微球,并用扫描电子显微镜表征。 采用紫外分光光度法测定了印迹分子罗丹明B与功能单体丙烯酰胺二者之间的结合常数(K=5.303×103 (mol/L)-1)和化学计量比(n=1)。 考察了沉淀剂的种类和用量对聚合物微球的影响。 将分子印迹聚合物微球应用于固相萃取材料自制固相萃取柱,从加标罗丹明B的红椒粉中萃取罗丹明B。 本文优化了固相萃取条件,高效液相色谱检测表明,在一定的萃取条件下,分子印迹聚合物对加标量为0.479 mg/kg的辣椒中罗丹明B的萃取加标回收率可达91.7％～103.5%。     

Analysis of viscosity abnormalities of polyelectrolytes in dilute solutions

It was found that the interface effects in viscous capillary flow influenced the process of viscosity measurement greatly,and the abnormal viscosity behaviors of polyelectrolytes as well as neutral polymers in dilute solution region were ascribed to interface effect.According to this theory,we have reviewed the previous viscosity data of derivatives of poly-2- vinylpyridine reported by Maclay and Fuoss first.Then,the abnormal viscosity behaviors of a series of sodium polystyrene sulfonate samples with various molecular weights in dilute aqueous solutions were studied further.The solute adsorption behaviors and structural information of polymers have been discussed carefully.     

Co_3O_4/BiOI复合催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

考察了两种方法制备的BiOI光催化剂,结果显示溶剂热法制备的BiOI比液相沉淀法制备的BiOI具有更好的光催化活性.然后,以溶剂热法制备的BiOI采用浸渍法制备了CoOx/BiOI复合催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-vis)漫反射光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对其进行了表征,探讨了煅烧温度,煅烧时间以及Co掺杂量对其光催化性能的影响.结果显示:在300℃煅烧2h,Co的掺杂量为2.0%(Co/BiOI)的条件下,CoOx/BiOI复合物紫外光催化活性最高.结构研究表明,Co是以Co3O4的形式呈针状分布在团聚后的BiOI的表面,这有效地促进了BiOI的光催化性能.