Fissility effects on evaporation residue spin distributions

Based on a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the spin distribution of evaporation residue cross sections of nuclei ¹⁹⁰Os and ²¹⁰Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z$N/Z$ but have a difference in fissility. We find that a large fissility enhances the sensitivity of the residue spin distribution to pre-saddle friction substantially. The results suggest that on the experimental side, to obtain accurate information of pre-saddle dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue spin distribution it is optimal to populate among various compound systems with equal N/Z$N/Z$ those with high fissility.     

作物残茬覆盖度遥感监测研究进展

作物残茬作为农田生态系统的重要组成部分,影响着农田生态系统中的营养物质、碳、水和能量的流动与循环。作物残茬覆盖度作为描述作物残茬数量和分布的重要指标,对于农田生态系统C循环和全球气候变化均有实际意义,具备重要的定量监测价值。遥感技术具有准确、经济、快速大面积监测的能力,因此利用遥感监测区域尺度的作物残茬覆盖度,受到国内外学者的关注。工作回顾总结了目前利用遥感监测作物残茬覆盖度的主要方法和最新研究进展,并根据基本方法的差异以及数据源的不同,从五个类别分别介绍了遥感监测原理与技术革新,对每一类方法的优点和缺陷进行分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。最后对作物残茬覆盖度遥感监测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Elliptic fibers over non-perfect residue fields

Kodaira and Néron classified and described the geometry of the special fibers of the Néron model of an elliptic curve defined over a discrete valuation ring with a perfect residue field. Tate described an algorithm to determine the special fiber type by manipulating the Weierstrass equation. In the case of non-perfect residue fields, we discover new fiber types which are not on the Kodaira-Néron list. We describe these new types and extend Tate's algorithm to deal with all discrete valuation rings. Specifically, we show how to translate a Weierstrass equation into a form where the reduction type may be easily determined. Having determined the special fiber type, we construct the regular model of the curve with explicit blow-up calculations. We also provide tables that serve as a simple reference for the algorithm and which succinctly summarize the results.     

委内瑞拉常压渣油供氢热转化研究

采用高压釜研究了委内瑞拉常压渣油的常规减黏裂化与供氢热转化过程。结果表明,相比常规减黏裂化而言,供氢热转化过程中的供氢剂能够抑制气体产物、沥青质以及焦的形成,后者的气体收率比前者低0.5%~1.2%,生焦率低0.02%~0.98%,残渣油沥青质含量低0.6%~1.3%;在反应温度425℃、反应时间5~20 min条件下,供氢热转化过程的总降黏率、净降黏率变化分别为46.1%~54.8%、10.2%~33.0%;供氢热转化过程的较佳反应条件为425℃、5 min,此条件下供氢热转化生成油斑点实验等级为一级(ASTM D4740),运动黏度(50℃)为185.5 mm²/s,净降黏率为26.4%,满足了船运的基本要求。     

贵州松桃某电解锰企业锰渣重金属污染特征及对植物生长的毒性效应

为综合评估电解锰渣重金属污染特征及任意堆弃对周边植物生长造成的危害,以贵州松桃某电解锰企业锰渣为研究对象,对渣样的重金属元素组成、含量及锰形态进行了分析测试,同时在实验室模拟研究了电解锰渣、浸出液及浸出残渣对白菜、油菜、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿种子的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、鲜重、干重、发芽指数及活力指数的影响。结果表明:电解锰渣及其浸出液重金属主要为Mn,分别为28 000 mg·kg~(-1)、82.00 mg·L~(-1);电解锰渣及浸出液对植物根伸长的抑制效应明显大于对种子发芽的影响,对根伸长的抑制率达42.5%以上,甚至达到100.0%。     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on amylose-lipid complex formation and properties of sweet potato starch-based films

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of sweet potato starch and sweet potato starch-based films, the complexing index, thermograms and diffractograms of the sweet potato starch-lauric acid composite were tested, and light transmission, microstructure, and mechanical and moisture barrier properties of the films were measured. The results indicated that the low power density ultrasound was beneficial to the formation of an inclusion complex. In thermograms, the gelatinization enthalpies of the ultrasonically treated starches were lower than those of the untreated sample. With the ultrasonic amplitude increased from 40% to 70%, the melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the inclusion complex gradually decreased. X-ray diffraction revealed that the diffraction intensity of the untreated samples was weaker than that of the ultrasonically treated samples. When the ultrasonic amplitude was above 40%, the diffraction intensity and relative crystallinity of inclusion complex gradually decreased. The scanning electronic microscope showed that the surface of the composite films became smooth after being treated by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication led to a reduction in film surface roughness under atomic force microscopy analysis. The films with ultrasonic treatment exhibited higher light transmission, lower elongation at break, higher tensile strength and better moisture barrier property than those without ultrasonic treatment.     

牛奶中氨基苷柱后衍生高效液相色谱法的建立

建立了庆大霉素（氨基苷类抗生素）在牛奶中残留量柱后衍生高效液相色谱检测法。牛奶样品采用磷酸缓冲液提取，三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白，固相萃取净化，甲醇洗脱氮气吹干。反相高效液相色谱法分离柱后衍生荧光检测。该方法简化了前处理步骤，缩短了分析时间，并促进了在线自动化分析技术的开发。本方法的线性、准确性和精密度以及检测限和定量限均符合标准方法的要求，适用于牛奶中庆大霉素残留量的检测。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中10种吡唑和吡咯类农药的残留量

建立了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法用于测定茶叶中10种吡唑和吡咯类农药残留。ASE萃取压力为1.03×107 Pa,萃取温度为100 ℃,萃取时间为5 min,萃取溶剂为乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1:1, v/v)。萃取循环1次,萃取液浓缩后用Envi-Carb/PSA固相萃取小柱净化,乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1:1, v/v)洗脱。洗脱液浓缩后,用正己烷定容,供GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。方法的准确度和精密度均符合残留分析要求。方法的定量限(LOQ)分别为唑螨酯0.003 mg/kg、氟虫腈硫化物0.001 mg/kg、氟虫腈0.002 mg/kg、氟虫腈砜化物0.005 mg/kg、溴虫腈0.002 mg/kg、氟硅唑0.006 mg/kg、野燕枯0.001 mg/kg、吡草醚0.001 mg/kg、吡螨胺0.0003 mg/kg、唑虫酰胺0.005 mg/kg。方法的灵敏度能满足各国有关农药的残留限量要求。     

Indirect determination of soluble trace elements in certified reference materials by neutron activation analysis

Since 1983 we have analyzedaqua regia extracts from environmental reference materials of 5 different soils and 4 different sludges by neutron activation analysis. Aqua regia as such is not accepted for irradiation in a nuclear reactor, and therefore the solution has to be evaporated to dryness, mixed and dried to constant weight before an aliquot can be taken and subjected to instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Results for leachable Cr and Zn were found to display greater variability than results for total contents of these elements, and the reasons for this will be discussed.For the 1994 certification campaign for one soil and two sludges we have chosen to determine the total content of trace elements in these reference materials by INAA before and afteraqua regia leaching. The leachable contents are then found indirectly as a difference between the two results; in this way we eliminate the sources of uncertainty associated with the drying and handling of theaqua regia extracts, and we reduce the contributions from counting statistics.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水果中9种保鲜剂的残留量

建立了采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)同时测定水果中9种保鲜剂残留量的分析方法。水果样品用正己烷/乙酸乙酯(1/1,v/v)混合提取剂超声提取,经Florisil层析柱净化后用正己烷/乙酸乙酯(1/3,v/v)混合洗脱剂洗脱,以磷酸三苯脂(TPP)为内标物,采用GC-MS的全扫描方式(SCAN)和选择离子监测方式(SIM)对9种保鲜剂进行定性与定量分析。实验结果表明,9种保鲜剂的检出限(LOD)为0.10~2.16μg/kg,在50、100、200μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为75.3%~128%,相对标准偏差为1.57%~11.6%。本分析方法样品前处理简便,净化效果明显,在SIM谱图中分析目标物响应值大、灵敏度高,定量准确可靠,能够满足保鲜剂痕量残留的检测要求。