Effects of ultrasonic treatment on amylose-lipid complex formation and properties of sweet potato starch-based films

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of sweet potato starch and sweet potato starch-based films, the complexing index, thermograms and diffractograms of the sweet potato starch-lauric acid composite were tested, and light transmission, microstructure, and mechanical and moisture barrier properties of the films were measured. The results indicated that the low power density ultrasound was beneficial to the formation of an inclusion complex. In thermograms, the gelatinization enthalpies of the ultrasonically treated starches were lower than those of the untreated sample. With the ultrasonic amplitude increased from 40% to 70%, the melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the inclusion complex gradually decreased. X-ray diffraction revealed that the diffraction intensity of the untreated samples was weaker than that of the ultrasonically treated samples. When the ultrasonic amplitude was above 40%, the diffraction intensity and relative crystallinity of inclusion complex gradually decreased. The scanning electronic microscope showed that the surface of the composite films became smooth after being treated by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication led to a reduction in film surface roughness under atomic force microscopy analysis. The films with ultrasonic treatment exhibited higher light transmission, lower elongation at break, higher tensile strength and better moisture barrier property than those without ultrasonic treatment.     

冀东地区马铃薯(克新1号)地膜覆盖栽培生长动态的研究

采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法，研究了冀东地区马铃薯(克新1号)在地膜覆盖栽培、块茎产量38718kg／hm^2条件下的植株生长动态。结果表明：植株鲜重、干重随生长进程而增加．5月17日～5月31日，是马铃薯茎枝鲜重、干重增长最快的时期，分别占各自总增长量的44．36％，34．35％。4月16日～5月16日，植株生产的干物质主要分配在叶中、茎枝次之、块茎最少；此后，干物质向块茎分配的比率则明显上升，收获时，植株生产的干物质主要贮存在块茎中，占植株总干重的74．43％。     

豇豆枯萎病病原分离鉴定

通过采集武汉市豇豆种植区豇豆枯萎病病株,经常规组织分离法分离纯化获得菌株JKW-1、JKW-2和JKW-3,并对3个菌株进行致病性测定、形态学及分子生物学鉴定.结果表明,3个菌株均为致病的镰刀菌,其中菌株JKW-1和JKW-2菌落色泽为紫红色,JKW-3菌落色泽为白色,均能产生大型分生孢子、小型分生孢子和厚垣孢子,但在菌落形态、产孢量、分生孢子大小等方面存在差异;对这3个菌株的核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,并在GenBank中进行Blast搜索和比对分析,根据rDNA-ITS序列分析结果结合豇豆病株症状和病菌的形态学特征,判定引起武汉市豇豆枯萎病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.).     

浅析豫南粳稻优质高产栽培策略

产量低、病虫害重、品质下降是豫南粳稻难以发展的直接原因.将粳稻置于高温、高湿的生态条件下栽培是其病虫害重、产量低、品质下降的根本原因.解决上述问题的唯一途径是推迟灌浆成熟期,将成熟期由目前的9月上旬推迟到10月中旬.对信阳市48年主要气候因子统计结果表明,推迟粳稻成熟期,有利于改善粳稻生长发育的生态条件,并能保证安全成熟.     

DNA聚合酶链反应鉴测梨树火疫病

对细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ，Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ的ＤＮＡ提纯，并通过聚合酶链反应，发现引物Ｂ＿５等可用以有效地鉴别Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ．对Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ细胞培养液直接稀释，加清洁剂处理后进行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）．据引物Ｂ＿５测定，得到清晰而强烈的相同的ＤＮＡ分子电泳光带，可有效反应测定５００个细菌细胞；用引物Ｂ＿５和Ｂ＿６进一步测定细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ。Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ，从Ｅ．ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｄａ反应获得一个电泳光谱，从Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ获得３个泳谱；用引物Ｂ＿５和Ｂ＿７与细菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ和Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ反应，从Ｅ．Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ得到两条相同光带，从Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ反应获得了相似的带谱分布。     

高锰酸钾引发甘薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的研究

以高锰酸钾为引发剂,系统研究了甘薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应过程中引发剂浓度、催化剂浓度、淀粉用量、单体用量、接枝温度及糊化水用量等各单因素对产物高吸水树脂吸水率的影响。结果表明,高锰酸钾作为引发剂,引发温度低(40℃),用量小(1.5mmol/L),是一种比较高效的引发剂;它对体系pH有较严格的要求,对单体有一定的选择性。     

水稻纹枯病流行程度的模型预测

根据水稻纹枯病发生与危害程度的调查资料,经与各诱病因素的相关性分析,组建成早、晚稻纹枯病的长期预测模型。经1990～1994年的应用检验,预测准确率达80％以上。     

Exploring Coordination Modes: Late Transition Metal Complexes with a Methylene‐bridged Macrocyclic Tetra‐NHC Ligand

A tetranuclear silver(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex bearing a macrocyclic, exclusively methylene‐bridged, tetracarbene ligand was synthesized and employed as transmetalation agent for the synthesis of nickel(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), and gold(I) derivatives. The transition metal complexes exhibit different coordination geometries, the coinage metals being bound in a linear fashion forming molecular box‐type complexes, whereas the group 10 metals adapt an almost ideal square planar coordination geometry within the ligand's cavity, resulting in saddle‐shaped complexes. Both the Ag^I and the Au^I complexes show ligand‐induced metal–metal contacts, causing photoluminescence in the blue region for the gold complex. Distinct metal‐dependent differences of the coordination behavior between the group 10 transition metals were elucidated by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.     

不同海拔梯度上地膜覆盖和不同肥力水平对马铃薯的影响

对不同海拔梯度上地膜覆盖和不同肥力水平的马铃薯物候期、农艺性状(出苗率、苗高、开花率)及产量进行了研究.结果表明:地膜覆盖可使马铃薯在低、中、高山地区较未覆膜分别提前5、8和10 d成熟;不同海拔梯度比较,随海拔升高各物候期推迟,中山、高山地区分别比低山地区成熟时间推迟3和12 d.在低、中和高山区对马铃薯出苗率促进作用分别为15.6%、27.9%和66.7%,对苗高增长的促进作用分别为4.8、5.0和5.2 cm,同时在一定程度上有利于马铃薯营养生长,延迟进入生殖生长的开花阶段;对马铃薯的增产效果最理想的是中山地区,平均增产1 369.5 kg/hm~2,高山地区平均增产850.5 kg/hm~2,而低山地区不理想.施肥水平对马铃薯出苗率和苗高的影响不显著;对马铃薯产量的影响明显,低山和中山地区中肥水平产量最高,而高山地区高肥水平产量最高.