马铃薯晚疫病防治的药剂筛选试验研究

2007年在凉山州冕宁县马铃薯主产区开展了687．5g／L银法利SE、70%安泰生WP、58％甲霜灵．锰锌WP、25％甲霜灵WP四种杀菌剂防治马铃薯晚疫病的田间药效试验。试验表明,四种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均有有明显的防治效果,其中687．5g／L银法利SE防病增产效果最佳。     

Effect of ultrasound-assisted dough fermentation on the quality of dough and steamed bread with 50% sweet potato pulp

Ultrasound at an intensity of 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0 and 27.5 W/L was used to assist dough fermentation to prepare steamed bread with 50% sweet potato pulp (SB-50% SPP), which was compared with SB-50% SPP without ultrasonic treatment. The dough rheology, starch–gluten network, texture characteristics and sensory quality of steamed bread with different ultrasonic power densities (UPDs) were investigated. Dough samples at UPD of 22.5 W/L showed optimal viscoelasticity. The microstructure images exhibited that the content of starch particles wrapped in the gluten network increased significantly after sonication. In addition, the reduction in free sulfhydryl (SH) content and increase in wet gluten content after ultrasonic treatment led to significantly improved dough extensibility (p < 0.05). Results exhibited that the specific volume of SB-50% SPP increased by 13.93% and the hardness decreased by 21.96% compared with the control under UPD of 22.5 W/L. This study suggested that the application of ultrasound as a green technology to dough fermentation could lead to SB-50% SPP with good quality and sensory characteristics.     

马铃薯块茎性状的配合力分析

对马铃薯8个亲本利用完全双列杂交设计组配的36个组合的11个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应进行研究。结果表明：①青薯5号、青薯6号、陇薯3号、陇薯6号具有较好的一般配合力效应,是理想的亲本材料。②组合08-14、08-18、08-25和08-33的块茎产量、淀粉含量具有较高的特殊配合力,产生较强的杂种优势。③一般配合力和特殊配合力之间没有明显的对应关系,两个由一般配合力高的亲本所组配的组合,其特殊配合力不一定高,但特殊配合力好的组合,至少有一个亲本的一般配合力较好。因此,要选择一般配合力高的亲本,在此基础上再考虑特殊配合力的大小。     

新型螯合型改性红薯淀粉对Pb(II)的吸附研究

红薯淀粉(SSt)与马来酸(MA)在吡啶的催化下,发生酯化反应,合成了对Pb(Ⅱ)具有高效率吸附性能的新型改性淀粉螯合吸附剂。通过探究反应物配比、合成温度(T1),确定了其最佳制备条件:m(SSt)∶m(MA)=5∶3,T1≥70℃。考察了吸附时间、模拟废液p H、Pb(Ⅱ)浓度、吸附温度对吸附量的影响。吸附过程符合二级动力学模型假设,线性回归方程为:y=0.033 4x+0.406 1,R2=0.989 4,k=6.764×10-3g/(mmg·h),Qe(理论平衡吸附量)=29.94 mg/g、Qe(实验平衡吸附量)=26.14 mg/g。     

紫心甘薯多糖对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

研究紫心甘薯多糖对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及可能作用机制.以不同剂量的紫心甘薯多糖200、400、800 mg.(kg.d)-1分别给予小鼠灌胃,设立对照组,连续10 d作预处理,腹腔注射0.1%的CCl410 ml.kg-1建立CCl4诱导小鼠肝损伤模型.测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)酶活力、总胆红素(TBIL)、总蛋白(TP)含量,测定肝组织中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,并进一步观察肝组织病理组织学变化.紫心甘薯多糖各剂量组均能明显地抑制血清中ALT、AST、LDH、TBIL的升高和TP的下降,降低肝脏中MDA的含量,提高肝组织中SOD和GSH活性,减轻CCl4对肝脏细胞的病理损伤.紫心甘薯多糖对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显保护作用,其作用机理可能与抗氧化作用有关.     

Increase of sulphur-containing amino acids in transgenic potato with 10 ku zein gene from maize

The 10 ku zein gene of maize was under control of patatin class I promoter of potato and transferred into potato genome by the leaf-disc method. The expression of 10 ku zein was determined in the tuber of transgenic plants by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the sulphur-containing amino acids in transgenic tuber increase remarkably.     

Production of bacterial cellulose from alternate feedstocks

Production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 10821 and 23770 in static cultures was tested from unamended food process effluents. Effluents in cluded low-solids (LS) and high-solids (HS) potato effluents, cheese whey permeate (CW), or sugar beet raffinate (CSB). Strain 23770 produced 10% less cellulose from glucose than did strain 10821 and diverted more glucose to gluconate. Unamended HS, CW, and CSB were unsuitable for cellulose production by either strain, and LS was unsuitable for production by strain 10821. However, strain 23770 produced 17% more cellulose from LS than from glucose, indicating that unamended LS could serve as a feedstock for bacterial cellulose.     

Biosurfactants from potato process effluents

High-solids (HS) and low-solids (LS) potato process effluents were tested as substrates for surfactin production. Tests used effluents diluted 1∶10, unamended and amended with trace minerals or corn steep liquor. Heat pretreatment was necessary for surfactin production from effluents due to indigenous bacteria, whose spores remained after autoclaving. Surfactin production from LS surpassed HS in all cases. Surfactin yields from LS were 66% lower than from a pure culture in an optimized potatostarch medium. LS could potentially be used without sterilization for surfactin production for low-value applications such as environmental remediation or oil recovery.     

预处理和速冻贮藏对马铃薯片质构特性的影响

质地特性是评估冻制马铃薯片质量优劣的重要指标。本文研究了漂烫、速冻和玻璃化贮藏对马铃薯片质地特性和细菌结构的影响,发现６５℃漂烫３ｍｉｎ对马铃薯片质地影响较小,其细胞结构保持较完好;速冻过程会大幅度地降低马铃薯片的质地,其细胞结构受损严重;在玻璃化温度以下（－２５℃）贮藏的马铃薯片地质地有小幅下降,其细胞结构也会进一步遭受破坏,本实验发现速冻过程是引起冻制马铃薯片质地下降的主要原因,在速冻和贮藏过