马铃薯PGBSS—GUS融合基因在块茎中专一性表达的初步研究

从ＧＢＳＳ基因克隆上，酶切得到５上游区１．２ｋｂ的序列，与ＧＵＳ报告基基因融合，构建了ＰＧＢＳＳ１．２表达载体，通过农杆菌介导的方式，将ＰＧＢＳＳ１．２转和马铃薯品种Ｄｅｓｉｒｅｅ，卡那霉素筛选获得抗性再生植和微薯，利用ＰＣＲ特异性扩增和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ的方法证明了融合基因在马铃薯基因组中的整合，Ｘ－Ｇｌｕｅ活体染色表明，微薯切片具有高ＧＵＳ酶活性，而茎段中ＧＵＳ活性相对较低，初     

马铃薯组织培养技术研究

以马铃薯茎尖、茎段和芽体3种不同外植体为材料，用浓度为1．0mg／L的NAA与不同浓度的2，4-D组合诱导愈伤组织；用浓度为0．2mg／L的NAA和不同浓度的BA组合诱导不定芽。试验结果表明：NAA1．0mg／L 2，4-D1．5mg／L最适于愈伤组织的诱导，NAA0．2mg／L BA0．3ms／L最适于不定芽的诱导；NAA对马铃薯根的分化有促进作用。     

提高甘薯淀粉出粉率的研究

6个品种甘薯的淀粉含量被测定，淀粉含量较高的为868号、大地1号、辽师1号；从磨碎程度、沉淀时间、二次过滤3个因素对提高出粉率进行了研究，结果表明，在本实验条件下磨碎时间15min，沉淀时间10h可获得较高的出粉率．经二次过滤可以挽回淀粉损失平均为12．0％。     

冀东地区马铃薯(克新1号)地膜覆盖栽培生长动态的研究

采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法，研究了冀东地区马铃薯(克新1号)在地膜覆盖栽培、块茎产量38718kg／hm^2条件下的植株生长动态。结果表明：植株鲜重、干重随生长进程而增加．5月17日～5月31日，是马铃薯茎枝鲜重、干重增长最快的时期，分别占各自总增长量的44．36％，34．35％。4月16日～5月16日，植株生产的干物质主要分配在叶中、茎枝次之、块茎最少；此后，干物质向块茎分配的比率则明显上升，收获时，植株生产的干物质主要贮存在块茎中，占植株总干重的74．43％。     

红薯糯米酒发酵与贮存阶段品质分析

研究了红薯糯米酒发酵过程中可溶性固形物、pH值及酒精度变化,以及不同条件下各贮存阶段红薯糯米酒各成分变化及抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:发酵第3天为红薯糯米酒发酵关键时期;不同贮存条件下可溶性固形物、总酯、总酚含量变化不大,而酒精度、黄酮、维生素C含量随温度及果胶酶添加量的变化有明显差异,其中在贮存温度4℃,果胶酶添加量2%条件下,能保存红薯糯米酒品质和提高风味,降低杂醇油生成。抗氧化活性测定表明,随果胶酶添加量增加,贮存酿液抗氧化能力和总还原能力明显提高。     

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on secondary structure and emulsifying behavior of sweet potato protein

In this study, secondary structures of sweet potato protein (SPP) after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (200–600?MPa) were evaluated and emulsifying properties of emulsions with HHP-treated SPP solutions in different pH values (3, 6, and 9) were investigated. Circular dichroism analysis confirmed the modification of the SPP secondary structure. Surface hydrophobicity increased at pH 3 and decreased at 6 and 9. Emulsifying activity index at pH 6 increased with an increase in pressure, whereas emulsifying stability index increased at pH 6 and 9. Oil droplet sizes decreased, while volume frequency distribution of the smaller droplets increased at pH 3 and 6 with the HHP treatment. Emulsion viscosity increased at pH 6 and 9 and pseudo-plastic flow behaviors were not altered for all emulsions produced with HHP-treated SPP. These results suggested that HHP could modify the SPP structure for better emulsifying properties, which could increase the use of SPP emulsion in the food industry.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测精米、玉米与土豆样品中噻呋酰胺残留

采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)为样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLCMS/MS)快速检测精米、玉米和土豆中噻呋酰胺残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,PSA净化,超高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾电离、负离子扫描,三重四极杆串联质谱以多反应监测扫描方式进行检测,基质匹配标准品外标法进行定量分析。结果显示,噻呋酰胺在1.0~1 000μg·L-1范围内呈良好线性(r2=0.999 0)。在0.01~1.0 mg·kg-1加标水平范围内,噻呋酰胺在精米、玉米和土豆中的平均回收率为89.1%~109.3%,相对标准偏差为3.5%~8.7%,检出限(LOD)为0.009~0.015μg·kg-1,定量下限(LOQ)为0.032~0.049μg·kg-1。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于精米、玉米和土豆中噻呋酰胺农药残留的确证检测。     

Antimicrobial Activities of Plant Extracts against Solanum tuberosum L. Phytopathogens

The purpose of the study was to select an environmentally friendly plant biopesticide to protect seed potatoes against phytopathogens. The scope included the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of 22 plant water extracts, 22 water-glycol extracts, and 3 subcritical carbon dioxide extracts using the agar diffusion method against 10 potato phytopathogens. For the most effective extracts, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and in situ assays on seed potatoes were performed. Garlic water extract was finally selected as the most effective in phytopathogen growth inhibition, both in vitro and in situ, with MIC values ranging between 6.3–25 mg/mL. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural was determined to be the main component of this extract (33.24%). Garlic water extract was proposed as a potential biopesticide against potato phytopathogens.     

Sizes,Components, Crystalline Structure,and Thermal Properties of Starches from Sweet Potato Varieties Originating from Different Countries

Sweet potato is a root tuber crop and an important starch source. There are hundreds of sweet potato varieties planted widely in the world. Starches from varieties with different genotype types and originating from different countries have not been compared for their physicochemical properties. In the research, starches from 44 sweet potato varieties originating from 15 countries but planted in the same growing conditions were investigated for their physicochemical properties to reveal the similarities and differences in varieties. The results showed that the 44 starches had granule size (D[4,3]) from 8.01 to 15.30 μm. Starches had different iodine absorption properties with OD680 from 0.259 to 0.382 and OD620/550 from 1.142 to 1.237. The 44 starches had apparent amylose content from 19.2% to 29.2% and true amylose content from 14.2% to 20.2%. The starches exhibited A-, C_A-, C_C-, or C_B-type X-ray diffraction patterns. The thermograms of 44 starches exhibited one-, two-, or three-peak curves, leading to a significantly different gelatinization temperature range from 13.1 to 29.2 °C. The significantly different starch properties divide the 44 sweet potato varieties into different groups due to their different genotype backgrounds. The research offers references for the utilization of sweet potato germplasm.     

1H-NMR and LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Fly Ash Treated Acid Mine Drainage

¹H NMR and LC-MS, commonly used metabolomics analytical platforms, were used to annotate the metabolites found in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) irrigated with four different treatments based on FA to AMD ratios, namely: control (0% AMD; tap water), 1:1 (50% AMD), 3:1 (75% AMD is 75% FA: AMD), and 100% AMD (untreated). The effects of stress on plants were illustrated by the primary metabolite shifts in the region from δ_H 0.0 to δ_H 4.0 and secondary metabolites peaks were prominent in the region ranging from δ_H 4.5 to δ_H 8.0. The 1:3 irrigation treatment enabled, in two potato cultivars, the production of significantly high concentrations of secondary metabolites due to the 75% FA: AMD content in the irrigation mixture, which induced stress. The findings suggested that 1:1 irrigation treatment induced production of lower amounts of secondary metabolites in all crops compared to crops irrigated with untreated acid mine drainage treatment and with other FA-treated AMD solutions.