Monte—Carlo model of the diffusion-limited reaction kinetics in microheterogeneous media. Comparison with the experimental plots of the forward and backward electron phototransfer kinetics on the pore diameter in silica gel

The kinetics of the diffusion-limited decay reaction A + B B was simulated by the Monte—Carlo method on a two-dimensional square lattice with defects presented by randomly distributed sites. The cases were considered where [B] [A] at the random initial distribution (quenching reaction) and [B] = [A] with the initial distribution of the A and B particles on neighboring sites (geminate recombination). The kinetic curves were approximated by the simplest analytical equation [A]/[A]₀ = (1 – )exp[–(kt)^1–h ] + (where k and are constants). The plots of the heterogeneity parameter (h) and time-averaged first-order rate constant vs. concentration of defects (p) or B particles (in the case of quenching) were obtained and compared with similar correlations obtained earlier by the experimental study of the kinetics of forward (quenching reaction) and backward (geminate recombination) electron phototransfer on the surface of different porous silica gels. The experimental plots of h vs. silica gel porosity are in satisfactory agreement with the plots of h vs. p in the model space, if the fraction of volume inaccessible for reactants, calculated from the free silica gel volume, is chosen as the p parameter for silica gel.Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1536–1541, August, 2004.     

Ethane adsorption in slit-shaped micropores: influence of molecule orientation on adsorption capacity

Adsorption of ethane in a slit shaped micropore system has been studied by Monte Carlo molecular simulation by considering this hydrocarbon as a two interacting sites molecule. Ethane adsorption in pore sizes from 0.41 to 1.66 nm was simulated at 303 K. Microscopic characteristics of the adsorbed phase have been studied for pores of different size, comparing two density profiles: the molecule centre of mass profile and the molecular interaction site profile. Averaged angle distribution of molecule positions with respect to the slit plane across the pore width has been also obtained by simulation. These results were related to ethane molecule packing efficiency, which is also related to the adsorption capacity in terms of the adsorbed phase density. Packing efficiency presents an oscillation shape as the result of the adsorbate disorder inside the pore. Pressure influence on the adsorption has been studied by following pore filling by simulation. When pore condensation takes place and for pressures above condensation, fluid-fluid interactions are determinant in molecule disorder observed between the two adsorbed layers.     

Selective water sorbents for multiple applications, 3. CaCl2 solution confined in micro- and mesoporous silica gels: Pore size effect on the “solidification-melting” diagram

In this communication we present a low-temperature “solidification-melting” phase diagram for CaCl₂/H₂O solutions confined in KSK and KSM silica gels. At salt concentrations of 0–48 wt. %, the diagram has been found to lie below the diagram reported for the bulk system by 15–30°C. It shows a depression of the solution melting point due to its confinment to the pores. Several other peculiarities of melting and solidification in this system are also reported and discussed. Beside fundamental interest, the data obtained could be of importance in many commercial areas such as refrigeration, accumulation of low temperature heat, frost prevention in building materials,etc.     

对饱和土孔隙压力系数的探讨

在三轴试验基础上提出采用归纳定义方法来确定孔隙压力关系方程，其结论与根据弹性力学理论推导的结论是一致的，并指出了弹性力学理论推导过程中存在的不严密之处和理论适应性问题．     

本体光接枝制备温敏核孔膜

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,采用本体光接枝方法制备了具有温度敏感特性的PET核孔膜。FTIR-ATR和SEM证明,接枝主要在膜的向光表面进行,膜的背光侧和膜孔内没有接枝。接枝过程中,增大光强和增加引发剂在反应混合物中的比例有利于提高接枝程度;常温下,接枝程度随反应时间的延长呈线性增长;随着反应温度的升高,接枝程度迅速增加,90s后增加趋于平缓;提高反应温度可以显著的提高接枝程度,但是当温度高于单体熔点时,接枝程度反而大幅降低。膜表面的接枝链对膜孔产生封盖,从而影响膜的滤过特性。通量测试表明,接枝膜在较高接枝程度时,水通量在30～35℃附近有跃升现象,接枝膜具有温敏特性。     

准噶尔盆地陆东地区白垩系储层特征及其主控因素

从岩石学特征、成岩作用、孔隙类型、结构特征以及储层性质的主要影响因素等方面 ,对准噶尔盆地陆东地区白垩系储层进行了研究。结果表明 ,储层岩石为长石质岩屑砂岩 ,成岩作用进入早成岩B亚期 ;孔隙类型主要为原生残余粒间孔 ,另有少量的溶蚀孔及微孔隙。该储层孔隙结构非均质性强 ,呼二段中粗孔喉最多 ,呼一段次之 ,连木沁组多为中孔细喉和较细喉 ,清水河组为细孔、细喉。储层性质差别较大 ,呼一段、呼二段为中孔、中渗储层 ,连木沁组为低孔、低渗储层 ,清水河组为低孔、特低渗储层。储层性质主要受沉积相、古气候、压实作用及砂岩粒径等因素的影响。     

强夯处理软基的工后沉降

是否可有效减小软基工后沉降是衡量软基处理方法有效性的重要指标．从工后沉降的角度分析了强夯动力固结法处理深厚软基的有效性．实测结果表明：强夯可在淤泥层中产生较大的孔压增量，且影响深度较大．但强夯所致的孔压增量在瞬间产生，也在很短时间内消散．强夯前后软基的沉降速率相同，强夯对软基的固结沉降基本没有影响，处理后软基的工后沉降仍达360-800mm．在本文所述的工况条件下，强夯动力固结处理淤泥软土是无效的．     

球管孔隙模型的约束寻优及应用

球管模型考虑了球孔隙和管形孔隙在不同组合形式下具有的核磁共振特征，对其进一步改进，提出带有约束寻优条件的球管孔隙模型，并用正演方法实现了对岩石孔隙结构的寻优分析．研究表明，球管孔隙模型在表面积约束、体积约束及比表面约束下的孔隙结构变化几乎是等效的．应用带有约束寻优条件的球管模型分析真实岩芯的核磁共振实验数据，得到了真实岩芯孔隙结构的最近似描述矩阵，并指出了岩石理想的孔隙结构形态．     

高30断块沙二段储层岩石及物性特征研究

储层岩石及物性特征是影响油田开发的重要因素 .通过岩心物性分析、X -衍射分析、岩心流动实验、岩石薄片鉴定和铸体薄片孔隙结构鉴定、毛管压力曲线测定等手段 ,对高 3 0断块沙二段储层的岩石学特征、储层物性特征、储集空间特征、孔隙结构参数及孔喉分布特征以及储层非均质性特征进行了全面深入的研究 .研究结果表明 :该断块主要由河道沉积的细砂岩—极细砂岩组成 ,从平面分布看 ,构造中部物性较好 ,西南部次之 ,北东部较差 ,这与生产状况吻合 ;该区砂体的主要储集空间是次生孔隙 ,粒间溶孔是主要孔隙类型 ,约占总孔隙度的 70 %～ 80 %,其次是填隙物内溶孔 ,约占总孔隙度的 2 0 %～ 2 5 %,粒内溶孔及铸模孔所占比例较小 ,占总孔隙度的 1 %～ 5 %;孔隙结构类型为中孔—中喉型和中孔—细喉型 ,该区油藏渗透率低 ,宏观及微观非均质性严重 .根据类似油藏的开发经验 ,中低含水期只能采出可采储量的三分之一左右 ,高含水期将是该断块注水开发的一个重要阶段     

盐岩储库腔底堆积物空隙体积试验与计算

受建库盐层本身地质特点影响,造腔结束后,底部一般会堆积大量不溶物。堆积物的存在既浪费了有效库容体积,又为整体建库施工带来了诸多不利因素。为科学评价该堆积物并进行有效处理或转变利用以增大库容体积,对其分布特征及堆积空隙体积进行了研究。通过室内溶腔实验获取了堆积不溶物样品,采用筛分法实验测定了其颗粒分布,并根据分形分布理论对其粒度分布特征进行了分析,进而基于可压缩堆积模型对堆积空隙体积进行了数值及模型研究。应用实例进行计算并与现场数据进行了对比评价验证,结果表明,在双对数坐标系下,腔底堆积物颗粒尺寸与累积数量呈线性相关,即其粒度分布可用分形分布函数进行表征,且分形维数作为分布特征参量能较好地描述颗粒均匀程度与集中性。