Unexpected end‐groups of poly(acrylic acid) prepared by RAFT polymerization

Low‐molecular‐weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with a trithiocarbonate as chain‐transfer agent (CTA). With a combination of NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the PAA end‐groups of the polymer were analyzed before and after neutralization by sodium hydroxide. The polymer prior to neutralization is made up of the expected trithiocarbonate chain‐ends and of the H‐terminated chains issued from a reaction of transfer to solvent. After neutralization, the trithiocarbonates are transformed into thiols, disulfides, thiolactones, and additional H‐terminated chains. By quantifying the different end‐groups, it was possible to demonstrate that fragmentation is the rate limiting step in the transfer reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5439–5462, 2004     

Reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene in miniemulsion

In the reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of two monomers, even with the simple terminal model, there are two kinds of macroradical and two kinds of polymeric RAFT agent with different R groups. Because the structure of the R group could exert a significant influence on the RAFT process, RAFT copolymerization may behave differently from RAFT homopolymerization. The RAFT copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) in miniemulsion was investigated. The performance of the RAFT copolymerization of MMA/St in miniemulsion was found to be dependent on the feed monomer compositions. When St is dominant in the feed monomer composition, RAFT copolymerization is well controlled in the whole range of monomer conversion. However, when MMA is dominant, RAFT copolymerization may be, in some cases, out of control in the late stage of copolymerization, and characterized by a fast increase in the polydispersity index (PDI). The RAFT process was found to have little influence on composition evolution during copolymerization. The synthesis of the well‐defined gradient copolymers and poly[St‐b‐(St‐co‐MMA)] block copolymer by RAFT miniemulsion copolymerization was also demonstrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6248–6258, 2004     

RESTRICTION RESPECTUEUSE ET RECONSTRUCTION DES CHAINES ET DES RELATIONS INFINITES

We show a faithful restriction theorem among infinite chains which implies a reconstructibility conjecture of Halin. This incite us to study the reconstructibility in the sense of Fraïssé and to prove it for orders of cardinality infinite or ≥ 3 and for multirelations of cardinality infinite or ≥ 7, what improves the theory obtained by G. Lopez in the finite case. For this work we had to study the infinite classes of difference which have to be a linear order of type ω, ω* or ω* + ω; this complete the theory made by G. Lopez for the finite case ([13]). We show also Ulam-reconstructibility for linear orders which have a fixed point.     

四硫代钼酸铵与四硫代钨酸铵合成方法改进的研究

对钼酸铵与硫化氢反应合成四硫代钼酸铵、钨酸与硫化氢反应合成四硫代钨酸铵的方法进行了改进。结果表明，采用改进后的方法，反应时间分别为７小时和１１小时。比文献值￣［１１］缩短了许多。产率分别为９１．１％和５２．１％，均高于文献值￣［１］。     

对大学生不同血型行为差异性的研究

本文运用了“内田-克列别林的耐力测查表”、“内曼(Ney-mann)和科尔斯太特(Kohlstedt)的内、外向性格调查表”,对400余名大学生的血型类别进行了测量,此外还运用了A型血和B型血的凝集反应时的测定方法进行了研究。结果表明,不同血型的大学生其行为有明显差异性,给学校管理人员和学生职业选择问题提出了参考意见。     

检验唐氏综合症的法医学方法研究

利用荧光标记的PCR法，对唐氏综合症的检验进行研究．采用法医学检验常用试剂盒AmpFe STR^TM Profiler Plus^TM对唐氏综合症病例进行PCR扩增，扩增产物用ABIPRISMT”310型DNA全自动测序仪分型判断．结果表明，该检验方法具有简便、快速、直接、准确的特点，检验效果非常好，而且可用于产前诊断．该方法用于检验唐氏综合症是一种理想的方法．     

《高等数学》学习方法探讨

从高等数学的知识体系及其学习的特点与基本要求入手,论述了学习高等数学的基本方法,即阐述了如何接收信息、如何消化材料和所学知识如何运用等问题。     

A posteriori H1 error estimation for a singularly perturbed reaction diffusion problem on anisotropic meshes

The paper deals with a singularly perturbed reaction diffusionmodel problem. The focus is on reliable a posteriori error estimatorsfor the H¹ seminorm that can be applied to anisotropic finiteelement meshes. A residual error estimator and a local problemerror estimator are proposed and rigorously analysed. They arelocally equivalent, and both bound the error reliably. Threemodifications of these estimators are introduced and discussed. Much attention is given to the performance of the error estimatorin numerical experiments. This helps to identify those estimatorsthat are suitable for practical applications.     

Ca(NO3)2•4H2O-catalysed Biginelli Reaction: One-pot Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones/pyrimidine-2-thiones under Solvent-free Conditions

The synthesis of 1,2,3,4-dihydropyrimidinone/thione derivatives was achieved in good to excellent yields using calcium(II) nitrate as catalyst to promote the Biginelli three-component condensation reaction from a diversity of aromatic aldehydes, β-keto compounds and urea or thiourea. The reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions.