热致液晶共聚酯酰胺／PET共混物的流变性能和原位增强特性

采用Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ３２１１型毛细管流变仪研究了ＰＥＡ／ＰＥＴ共混物的流变性能，据此探讨共混物熔体的可纺性，讨论了共混物配比与复合纤维力学性能的关系，并且偏光显微镜，扫描电镜研究纤维的结构。结果表明，共混物的表观粘度低于ＰＥＴ的粘度，当ＰＥＡ为１０％，共混物的表观粘度达到最小值；且ＰＥＡ含量低于１０％时，共混物的可纺性即，表现出良好的原位增强效果。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate） Catalyzed by Rare Earth Stearates

Rare earth （Nd, Y, La, Dy） stearates have been synthesized and used as single component catalysts for the polycondensation of dimethyl terephthalate, adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol for the first time preparing biodegradable poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate） （PBAT） with high molecular weight, The microstructures of PBAT were characterized by ^1H NMR spectra. The PBAT exhibits good mechanical properties such as high tensile strength （ca. 20 MPa） and long break elongation （〉700%）.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF NASCENT SAMPLES OF SYMMETRIC AROMATIC POLYESTERS I.POLY(P-PHENYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)

The morphology and crystal structure of poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) (PPT), prepared by confined thin film melt (CTFMP) and solution (CTFSP) and bulk solution polymerization, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and molecular modeling. The unit cell is monoclinic (P21/a space group) with parameters a =7.89, b = 5.49, c =12.65 A α= γ= 90°,β= 100.33°, density = 1.48 g/cm3, the a, b andβ values differing slightly from those reported previously in the literature. A degree of variation in relative intensities of hk0 reflections in, apparently, untilted [001] ED patterns was observed from a given sample, suggesting some variation in molecular packing. ED evidence was found for a second phase, with [001] appearing the same as for phase Ⅱ of the related poly(p-oxybenzoate) (PpOBA)polymer. CTFMP crystals polymerized above 220°C (up to 370°C) and CTFSP crystals polymerized at 300°C consisted of lamellae 100-200 A thick.     

DETECTION OF T_g BY MODULATED DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY

The glassy transition of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sampleswhich have been subjected to solvent induced crystallization (SINC) was investigated bymodulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and density measurement. The dif-ferential of heat capacity signal, d C_p/dT from MDSC, was used to monitor the SINCprocess. It reveals that the T_g temperature shifts to higher value with the advancement ofSINC. When the toluene-immersing time was longer (168h), the detection of T_g becomemore difficult, because some smaller peaks emerged at the lower temperatures and theseare explained as the movement of small segments in the amorphous region. These observedresults are due to the morphology and structure introduced by the SINC process.     

Plasticization and Crystallization of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Induced by Water

Commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was treated at R. H.>80% and room temperature for a set time. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with the time of exposure to high humidity. The decrease in Tg is a result of plasticization. Our data indicate that the Tg of dry PET of 76-78°C may decrease to as low a temperature as 65-67°C when it is wet. Induced crystallization of PET in the presence of water reduces the cold crystallization temperature (Tc). The structure of water-induced crystals is imperfect and can be improved in perfection by annealing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

离聚物Surlyn对PBT/PP共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响

用力学性能测试、ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等方法研究了离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ对ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系中引入少量Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ可以改善界面的粘接性，从而改善其力学性能。当共混体系中ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ的组份比不变（９０／１０）且Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量为６ｐｈｒ左右时，共混物的冲击强度出现极大值；而弯曲强度在Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ含量为１－２ｐｈｒ左右时有最大值。当共混体系中Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量不变（６ｐｈｒ）时，其力学性能随ＰＰ含量的增加而下降。用玻璃纤维增强共混体系，可显著提高力学性能。     

Colour formation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) during melt processing

The discolouration, that occurs in virgin poly(ethylene terephthalate) - PET during melt processing, was studied using various bulk and surface analytical techniques. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) was used to study the bulk chemical changes occurring in the polymer during thermo-oxidative degradation. Chemical derivatisation with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) was used to label the hydroxyl groups introduced on the polymer surface by thermal oxidation.From the surface analysis studies using photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (PA/FT-IR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it was evident that colour formation starts initially with the hydroxylation of the terephthalic ring. Further, the formation of additional carbonyl functionalities and conjugated chromophoric systems complete the colour formation process.     

Bond interchange reactions in functionalized triglyceride oil/poly(ethylene terephthalate) compositions

Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils are renewable resources which contain reactive chemical groups, hydroxyl in the case of castor oil, and epoxide in the case of vernonia oil. In this article, the reaction of these groups, and the ester linkages between the glycerol and acid residue portions of the oil molecule with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is investigated through a variety of means. Multiple reactions are possible in the triglyceride–PET system, some of which form a copolymer that increases miscibility, and if allowed to continue, forms a completely random copolymer mixture. Among the numerous reactions possible, PET–ester exchange with the hydroxyl or epoxide functionality of the triglyceride oils is found to be the most significant, and the effects of these and other reactions are observed and structural implications discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

直接酯化法合成PET反应条件对树脂结晶速率的影响

用直接酯化法合成了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）。对缩聚反应温度、真空度及稳定剂等合条件对产物结晶速率的影响进行了研究。以ΔＴｃ＝Ｔｃ－Ｔｇ和ΔＴｃｏ＝Ｔｃｏ－Ｔｇ表征样品的结晶速率。结果表明，真空度一定，反应温度高则样品结晶速率慢；温度一定，真空度高样品结晶速率也慢。这两个因素的影响均是不可忽视的。     

The morphological effects upon enzymatic degradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate)s (PBST)

In this work, the enzymatic degradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBST) copolyesters was studied using the lipase from Pseudomonas (Lipase PS^®). The biodegradation behavior was found to strongly depend on the overall impacts of several important factors as the BT comonomer structure and molar content, thermal characteristics, morphology, the enzyme-substrate, and so forth. Further, the biodegraded residual film samples were allowed to be analyzed by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the experimental evidences, an exo-type mechanism of enzymatic chain hydrolysis preferentially occurring in the amorphous region was suggested for the PBST film samples.