Thermal stability of poly(mono-n-alkylitaconates) and mono-n-alkylitaconate-co-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers I

Poly(monoitaconates) containing octyl, decyl and dodecyl groups and random monoalkylitaconate-co-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Copolymers of mono-n-octylitaconate (MOI), mono-n-decylitaconate (MDI), and mono-n-dodecylitaconate (MDoI), respectively, with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) of different compositions were studied by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability of the copolymers depends on the structure of the monoitaconate comonomer and on the composition of the copolymer The kinetic analysis of the degradation data shows that the thermal decomposition of these copolymers can be described by several kinetic orders depending on the copolymer and on the composition. The relative thermal stability of the copolymers increases as the VP content increases and as the length of the side chain of the itaconate increases, following the same trend as the flexibility of the copolymers in solution.     

Limonene concentration in lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil as a function of ripeness

The dependence of the limonene content of lemon (Citrus volkameriana) peel oil on the degree of ripeness of the fruit has been studied by using steam distillation and cold pressing to extract the oils from lemon fruit peel at different stages of maturation (green, greenish-yellow, and yellow-orange peel coloration). Samples of essential oils were analyzed by high resolution GC and GC-MS, using tetradecane as internal standard for quantitation. Forty components were detected; thirty eight were positively identified by comparison of their mass spectra (El, 70 eV) and Kováts retention indexes (determined using a non-logarithmic scale on capillary columns coated with both polar (DB-Wax) and non-polar (DB-1) stationary phases) with those of standards and with data reported in the literature. The limonene concentration reached a maximum level of 79.4% when the fruit was in the intermediate maturation stage characterized by greenish-yellow coloration.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel thermoresponsive‐co‐biodegradable hydrogels composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide,poly(L‐lactic acid), and dextran

A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004     

泵示功图单井自动量油技术研究

以井下泵示功图为基础,结合油井工况自动诊断技术,通过封闭曲线的曲率确定有杆抽油系统深井泵的游动阀、固定阀的开启点和关闭点,从而提出了有杆抽油系统单井自动量油的理论及其数学模型.经油田现场实测资料验证,以该理论为核心的泵示功图单井自动量油技术计算的产油量与实际产油量的平均相对误差为8.93%,最大相对误差为20.26%,最小相对误差为0.07%,相对误差在15%以内的井占85.71%.因此,利用该方法中封闭曲线的曲率来确定泵示功图的4个凡尔开闭点的方案是可行的,用于有杆抽油系统的单井自动量油具有实际的工程应用价值,该技术已应用于游梁式有杆抽油泵采油井自动监测系统中.     

Spectroscopic studies of new model compounds for poly[N,N′-bis(phenoxyphenyl)pyromellitimide]

New model compounds for poly[N,N′-bis(phenoxyphenyl)pyromellitimide] have been synthesized in order to investigate the formation of imine bonds which are proposed to form during the curing process and lead to crosslinking in the bulk polymer. Raman studies show that terminal amines can react with imide carbonyls during curing to form C?N bonds. The Raman band due to C?N appears at 1656 cm^?1 and the band due to C?O closest to the imine bond is observed at 1742 cm^?1. These results are in agreement with previously published results on vapor deposited polyimide films.     

示差半微分循环伏安法研究琥珀酰胆碱在水/硝基苯界面的传递行为

研究了油/水界面电解的示差半微分循环伏安行为。在0.01mol/L LiCl(w)-0.01mol/L TBATCIPB(nb)体系“电位窗”比TBATPB(nb)向正方向扩展约50mV,残余电流基本消除,使“电位窗”内的平台向左右拓宽约50mV。算得界面电容约为16μF/cm~2。考察了琥珀酰胆碱离子在w/nb界面的传递伏安特性,结果与一般半微分循环伏安法相似。但峰形改善,检测限降低一个数量级(1×10~(-6)mol/L),相对标准偏差在5％以内,可用于定量测定琥珀酰胆碱。     

富马酸烷·3-PG酯抗氧化和防霉性能

在对没食子酸丙酯 (PG)的抗氧化活性、富马酸酯的防霉活性进行分析和预测的基础上 ,对其分子结构进行改造 ,设计出一类新型化合物———富马酸烷·3-PG酯 .对五种目标产物进行抗氧化和防霉性能测试的结果表明 ,它们均同时具有与没食子酸丙酯相当的抗氧化性能和与富马酸二甲酯相当的防霉性能 ,打破了以往抗氧化剂和防霉剂需分别添加的传统     

高含固量聚苯乙烯－聚丙烯酸酯复合乳胶的合成及表征

本文采用种子乳液聚合技术，合成聚苯乙烯－聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液，用ＴＥＭ电镜观察其乳液的形态，用ＧＰＣ方法测定了乳胶聚合物的化学组成。     

高效凝胶渗透色谱测定硅油分子量及其分布

采用ＨＰＧＰＣ与蒸汽压渗透（ＶＰＯ）结合的方法研究了甲基苯基硅油等分子量及其分布测定方法。     

原油掺炼及其应用

石油掺炼作为石油精馏的一部分，对整个石油精馏具有重要意义。最佳掺炼比可通过实验、软件模拟等方法得到。通过对最佳掺炼比的实验及软件的分析发现国内外研究石油掺炼的模拟软件操作原理和步骤基本相同，利用各模拟软件掺炼后所给油品物性的可换算性，可用不同软件分别对掺炼和下游工序进行模拟。