P/A异种钢焊缝中孪晶显微缺陷的研究

TEM观察发现：在P/A异种钢刚性拘束焊接和单道堆焊焊缝中存在不同数量的孪晶显微缺陷，并对其形成原因及与焊接条件的关系进行了研究和讨论。认为：焊缝中的孪晶是由于焊缝金属的线膨胀系数比母材金属大30％～50％，在焊后冷却过程中产生较大的变形而形成的动态再结晶退火孪晶。     

On the Inclusion Properties of Interval Multiplication: A Diagrammatic Study

Certain algebraic properties of familiar (set-theoretic) interval multiplication are studied diagrammatically. The centred interval multiplication operations (the long known outward multiplication and the newly proposed inward one) are defined and studied diagrammatically in some detail, especially with respect to inclusion isotonicity.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Two Characterizations of Smooth Norms

In an arbitrary Minkowski space M, n2, let there be given an arbitrary finite set P of weighted points whose affine hull is n-dimensional. We show that the unit ball B of M has smooth boundary if and only if each median hyperplane (minimizing the sum of weighted distances with respect to P) is spanned by n affinely independent points from P. Moreover, B has the same property if and only if every center hyperplane (minimizing the maximal weighted distance with respect to P) has the same maximal distance to at least n+1 affinely independent points from P.