子弹长度对SHPB测试影响的有限元模拟

基于三维弹塑性有限元模型,采用动态显式算法模拟一系列不同长度子弹以相同速度打击 AL6061-T6铝合金试样的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验,得到了试样的应力-应变关系.与实验结果对比,两者吻合较好,验证了SHPB测试原理的合理性.模拟结果表明,子弹长度越长,试样的最大应力和塑性变形越大.     

巷道支护力作用及影响因素分析

采用库伦-莫尔理论,对巷道圃岩出现塑性区前后支护力与圆岩应力之间的关系,以及不同塑性区力学参数下支护力与巷道围岩塑性区半径之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,由于巷道实际支护力与原岩应力比值只有1／10～1／100,对不出现塑性区和破裂区的完整岩体巷道,支护力的作用是很小的,可以忽略不计。而当围岩中出现了塑性区和破裂区之后,支护力的作用才开始显现。提高支护力可直接减小圃岩破裂区（塑性区）范围,但提高支护力的主要作用是提高弹塑性区围岩压应力,达到提高破裂区（塑性区）岩体宏观强度的目的,从而减小塑性区和破裂区的范围。影响支护力作用效果的主要因素是塑性区力学参数。     

双集中荷载下一次超静定梁的加载过程分析

对双集中荷载作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载全过程进行了分析．根据变形特点可把加载过程分成四个阶段．第一阶段是常规的弹性阶段,第二阶段是固支端附近单个塑性变形区扩展的阶段,第三阶段是固支端和一个集中荷载附近两个塑性变形区同时扩展的阶段,第四阶段是固支端保持为塑性铰从而引起固支端附近区域卸载而梁中间的塑性变形区继续扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰的阶段．在第一阶段,弯矩内力和挠度与外荷载均是线性比例递增关系;在第二、第三两个阶段,弯矩和挠度与外荷载是不同的非线性关系;在第四阶段,弯矩与外荷载是非比例的线性关系,但挠度与外荷载却是复杂的非线性关系．给出了加载各阶段的弯矩及挠度计算公式,具有理论意义,也可供对应的结构设计应用．     

A simplified model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel column subjected to impact

This paper presents a new simplified model of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a steel column subjected to impact loading. In this model, the impacted column, which undergoes large displacement, consists of two rigid bars connected by generalized elastic–plastic hinges where the deformation of the entire steel column as well as the connections is concentrated. The effect of the rest of the structure on the column is modeled by an elastic spring and a point masse both attached to the top end of the column which is also loaded by a compressive force. The plastification of the hinges follows the normality rule with a yield surface that accounts for the interaction between M and N. The latter is described by a super-elliptic yield surface that allows ones to consider a wide range of convex yield criterion by simply varying the roundness factor that affects the shape of the limit surface. By including these features, the model captures both geometry and material nonlinearities. Both the flow rule and the equations of motion are integrated using the midpoint scheme that conserves energy. The non-smooth nature of impact is considered by writing the equations of motion of colliding masses using differential measures. Contact conditions are written in terms of velocity and combined with Newton's law to provide the constitutive law describing interactions between masses during impact. Numerical applications show that the model is able to capture the behavior of a column subjected to impact.     

Analysis of diffusion induced elastoplastic bending of bilayer lithium-ion battery electrodes

Bilayer electrode, composed of a current collector layer and an active material layer, has great potential in applications of in-situ electrochemical experiments due to the bending upon lithiation. This paper establishes an elastoplastic theory for the lithiation induced deformation of bilayer electrode with consideration of the plastic yield of current collector. It is found that the plastic yield of current collector reduces the restriction of current collector to an active layer, and therefore, enhances in-plane stretching while lowers down the rate of electrode bending. Key parameters that influence the elastoplastic deformation are identified. It is found that the smaller thickness ratio and lower elastic modulus ratio of current collector to an active layer would lead to an earlier plastic yield of the current collector, the larger in-plane strain, and the smaller bending curvature, due to balance between the current collector and the active layer. The smaller yield stress and plastic modulus of current collector have similar impacts on the electrode deformation.     

冲击加载下样品软回收过程中的侧向稀疏效应

通过数值模拟, 计算冲击加载下样品经历一维应变加载过程和侧向稀疏过程产生的塑性功, 给出试样内部从冲击加载开始到进入回收桶前全过程的应力随时间变化的历程。结果表明:侧向稀疏过程开始后,样品在径向汇聚波的作用下受循环拉、压载荷作用,拉压循环的振幅在中等冲击压力下达到最大。如果振幅超过了材料的层裂强度,样品中心将发生拉伸破坏不能完整回收。侧向稀疏与一维应变加载产生的塑性功之比随冲击速度的增加而减小。在冲击速度为某临界值时,侧向稀疏产生的塑性功与一维应变加载产生的塑性功相等。在一定的冲击速度下,采用低初始屈服应力的材料可减轻侧向稀疏效应。对理想塑性材料的理论分析表明,侧向稀疏与一维应变加载产生的塑性功之比随冲击速度与屈服强度比值的增大而减小,与数值模拟结果一致。     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程．根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段．给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式．研究结果表明：在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同．     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品接触塑料制品中10种苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定食品接触塑料制品中10种苯并三唑类(BZTs)紫外吸收剂的方法。食品接触塑料制品使用甲醇-二氯甲烷混合溶剂超声提取,C18固相萃取柱净化后用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量分析。结果表明,10种BZTs在线性范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(r²)均大于0.996;检出限为0.6~1.6 μg/kg; 3个水平下的加标回收率为75.2%~85.3%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~5.7%。该方法准确、简便、快速、检出限低,可用于食品接触塑料制品中10种BZTs的同时检测。     

基于自封袋和塑料点滴板的氯气性质实验设计

通过运用自封袋和塑料点滴板等微型装置设计实验,并选用浓度较稀的盐酸和次氯酸钠溶液反应来制取氯气,采用滤纸来扩大性质实验中溶液的接触面积,可以很好地完成氯气的氧化性、氯气与碱反应、氯水的漂白性以及氯离子的检验等实验。该微型实验设计绿色环保,操作简便。     

超高效合相色谱快速检测塑料制品中的15种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了使用超高效合相色谱检测塑料中15种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。样品经正己烷超声萃取,过0.45 μ m有机膜后上机测试。采用ACQUITY UPC² HSS C18 SB色谱柱（150 mm×3 mm, 1.8 μ m）,以超临界CO₂流体为主流动相、乙腈为流动相改性剂进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.5 mL/min。在系统背压为12.41 MPa、色谱柱温度为65 ℃、二极管阵列检测器（PDA）检测波长为220 nm的条件下,15种邻苯二甲酸酯可以在8 min内实现分离检测。实验结果表明：15种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围为0.5~10 mg/L,相关系数大于0.9960,检出限（S/N=3）为1.0~2.2 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.1%~122.3%,相对标准偏差为2.95%~8.26%。该方法分析速度快,为邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的检测提供了新的选择。