考虑塑性和刚度不匹配的焊接残余应力估算

现有残余应力计算方法未能考虑材料塑性变形和焊接接头刚度不匹配的影响,使得焊接残余应力计算结果和实际残余应力存在较大偏差.在2219-T87铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊接头残余应力测试基础上,提出一种基于非线性有限元和材料弹性模量分区的残余应力—释放应变曲线的残余应力计算方法,研究了材料塑性变形和接头刚度不匹配对焊接残余应力计算的影响.结果表明,焊接接头中非均质材料塑性不匹配可以引起对于残余应力计算的较大误差;材料塑性变形对残余应力的影响大于接头刚度不匹配对残余应力的影响.所提出方法修正了传统方法在焊接接头的残余应力计算中由于未考虑接头非均质材料塑性不匹配而引起的误差.     

基于实测地应力深埋巷道塑性区定量分析

深埋巷道大变形、强流变的破坏特征源于其高地应力的作用,准确分析已开掘巷道塑性区分布对巷道围岩变形影响、开掘方案选择及后续类似条件巷道布置意义深远。在围岩力学参数测试、地应力场测试的基础上,采用弹塑性理论、M-C准则、修正的“当量半径”理论简化计算了直墙半圆拱形断面布置下深埋巷道的围岩塑性区大小,分析了巷道围岩塑性区受采动应力、侧压系数单独及耦合作用影响规律。在侧压系数为0.5、垂直压力为35MPa时底板塑性区最大,其值为2.65m,建议加强巷道底板的支护与维护,并给出了塑性区控制方案。研究结果可为后续类似条件下巷道开掘方案优选、支护设计及围岩稳定性判定提供一定的借鉴。     

Scale transition of a higher order plasticity model – A consistent homogenization theory from meso to macro

Standard plasticity models cannot capture the microstructural size effect associated with grain sizes, as well as structural size effects induced by external boundaries and overall gradients. Many higher-order plasticity models introduce a length scale parameter to resolve the latter limitation – microstructural influences are not explicitly account for. This paper adopts two distinct length scales in the formulation, i.e. an intrinsic length scale (l) governing micro-processes such as dislocation pile-up at internal boundaries, as well as the characteristic grain size (L), and aims to unravel the interaction between these two length scales and the characteristic specimen size (H) at the macro level. At the meso-scale, we adopt the strain gradient plasticity model developed in Gurtin (2004) [Gurtin, M.E., 2004. A gradient theory of small-deformation isotropic plasticity that accounts for the Burgers vector and for dissipation due to plastic spin. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 2545–2568] which accounts for the direct influence of grain boundaries. Through a novel homogenization theory, the plasticity model is translated consistently from meso to macro. The two length scale parameters (l and L) manifest themselves naturally at the macro scale, hence capturing both types of size effects in an average sense. The resulting (macro) higher-order model is thermodynamically consistent to the meso model, and has the same structure as a micromorphic continuum. Finally, we consider a bending example for the two limiting cases – microhard and microfree conditions at grain boundaries – and illustrate the excellent match between the meso and homogenized solutions.     

激光刻痕聚丙烯塑料失效破坏的参数识别

采用等效截面积法建立了激光加工微孔的有限元模型及带激光刻痕聚丙烯塑料板的冲击模型,并 通过参数识别方法确定了材料的失效应变。通过极差分析得出该塑料材料的冲击断裂强度随撕裂线直径的 增大而增大,随冲击速度的增大而减小。这与实验结果一致。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NON-PLANAR PLASTIC ANISOTROPY OF COLD ROLLING POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS

The plastic anisotropy of sheet metal is usually caused by preferred orientation of grains, developed by mechanical deformation and thermal treatment. In the present study, a Taylor-like polycrystal model suggested by Asaro and Needleman is applied to investigate the evolution of the anisotropic behavior of a face centered cubic (FCC) polycrystalline metal, which is considered having {111} (110) slip systems, by stretching it along an arbitrary direction after it has undergonea plane-strata compression that rationally simulates the cold rolling process of FCC polycrystalline pure aluminium. By using the Taylor-like polycrystal model, pole figures are obtained to describe the texture development of polycrystalline aggregate after plane-strain compression, and then the plastic anisotropy of polycrystalline aggregate is evaluated by stretching the polycrystalline aggregate in different direction in term of yield stress. According to the results, the contours of longitudinal flow stress in three-dimensional orientation space are given and analyzed. Experiment results similar to the prediction of planar anisotropy can be found inthe literature written by Takahashi et al. that in directly show the correctness of the prediction of non-planar plastic anisotropy by this analysis.     

爆炸自紧残余应力及对构件疲劳强度的影响

用贴腻子炸药法和动液压法两种爆轰工艺对不同类型厚壁构件实施了爆炸自增强处理,并对爆炸处理形成的残余应力进行了实验测定。对内壁有缺口和裂缝的厚壁圆环以及带缺口的超高压圆筒和四通构件进行了爆炸自紧处理并进行了疲劳实验检验,结果是:在高周疲劳阶段,经爆炸处理的构件缺口根部疲劳裂纹萌生寿命可提高5倍,内压疲劳开裂寿命可提高8~10倍。在低周塑性疲劳阶段构件的疲劳开裂寿命仍可提高1倍左右。由于用贴腻子炸药方法可使构件表面硬度增加从而获得更高的残余压应力,故其自增强效果优于动液压法。     

爆炸粉末烧结微孔隙塌缩沉能分析

 对爆炸粉末烧结过程中颗粒间的结合和沉能机制进行了分析,用反映微孔隙闭合的一维球对称塌缩模型对爆炸粉末烧结后期由微孔隙闭合引起的沉能现象进行了研究。在球对称塌缩一维流动的控制方程中引入传热项的影响,采用刚塑性假设并引入热粘塑性本构关系,利用有限差分法对球壳收缩过程中的温度分布进行了计算。结果表明：热传导的影响随孔隙尺度的变小而变大;球壳收缩过程中其内壁经历了从弹塑性体到流体的转变,其温升远高于其它部位的温升,其它部位较低的温度将对熔化的球心起到低温淬火作用。     

微波溶样流动注射分光光度法在线测定金矿石中的金

采用微波溶样 流动注射在线泡塑富集分离 分光光度联用技术建立了在线快速测定金矿石中金的方法。比较了微波溶样法与传统电热板溶样法,二者结果基本一致。前者溶样时间近似为后者的1 9。确定了两条工作曲线:校正曲线范围为0 1～1.0μg mL,检出限2.2×10-2μg mL;校正曲线范围为1.0～9 0μg mL,检出限1.6×10-1μg mL。FI SP系统分散系数为3.78。对管理样GBW(E) 070014平行11次测定,其RSD为1.3%,对所得结果进行t检验,置信度95%时,无系统误差存在。     

模拟压裂作用对水泥环密封性破坏及改善研究

利用全尺寸水泥环密封性评价装置,研究了多段压裂作用下水泥环的密封完整性。分析了密封性破坏的机理;并提出了相应改善措施和评价标准。试验结果显示基浆水泥环在压裂交变应力作用下,加卸载次数较少时,水泥环密封完整性即遭到破坏;密封性失效发生在卸压阶段水泥环与套管之间的界面处。表明在套管内压高应力作用下,弹性模量较高的基浆水泥环中产生较大的应力,除了发生弹性变形还产生了塑性变形;卸载时套管弹性回缩,水泥环中塑性变形不可完全恢复而存在残余应变,导致二者在界面处的变形不协调一致而引起拉应力。随着压裂应力交变次数的增加,水泥环塑性变形不断累积,卸载后的残余变形和拉应力也随之增大。当拉应力超过界面处的胶结强度时出现微环隙,水泥环密封性破坏。采用掺入胶乳、弹性粒子等形成弹塑性水泥石,弹性模量降低并保持较高的抗压强度,压裂作用时水泥环中产生的应力相对其抗压强度较低,产生的塑性变形较小,因此提高了水泥环保持密封完整性时压裂应力交变的次数,改善了水泥环的密封性。     

弹塑性阻尼支座用于自锚式悬索桥减震设计

对南京夹江自锚式悬索桥采用弹塑性阻尼支座进行减隔震设计,并采用非线性动力时程分析方法,对阻尼支座屈服荷载进行了参数敏感性分析.计算结果显示:设置阻尼支座以后,主梁纵向位移减小为飘浮体系的20%,内力则与飘浮体系地震反应相当;横向地震反应也仅为墩梁、塔梁横向固定体系的15%～50%.表明弹塑性阻尼支座可以非常有效地用于独塔自锚式悬索桥减隔震设计.