辽宁老秃顶子南坡植物生活型谱及其海拔变化

基于研究区植物名录和野外样线调查统计数据,采用Raunkiaer生活型分类系统,对辽宁老秃顶子南坡植物生活型谱及其随海拔高度的变化特征进行分析研究．结果表明：（1）老秃顶子南坡植物生活型组成以地面芽植物为主,占40．8％;其次是高位芽植物和1年生植物,分别占21．8％和21．5％,隐芽植物也较多,占14．5％,地上芽植物很少,仅占1．4％．该生活型谱总体上反映了本区夏季温暖多雨、冬季寒冷且漫长的气候特点;（2）老秃顶子南坡植物群落的生活型谱随海拔高度的变化特征为：山麓～海拔1180m,随着海拔的升高,群落中中型高位芽植物比例明显增大,而地面芽植物比例明显减小;海拔1180m～山顶,随着海拔的升高,群落中中型高位芽植物比例明显减小,小型高位芽植物比例明显增大,至山顶高位芽植物基本消失,而地面芽植物比例则由9．1％显著增加到山顶的76．3％．     

核电站抗震仪表支架应力分析及结构优化

为了验证华龙一号三代核电站中仪表支架的抗震性能,采用ANSYS软件建立了仪表支架有限元模型,选用静力系数分析法对仪表支架进行了抗震分析,并根据《压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则》(AFCEN RCC-M—2007)对仪表支架进行了评定。根据计算结果对仪表支架采用增加肋板的结构优化方式。通过对比仪表支架在不同尺寸肋板下的最大应力比,确定了合适的肋板尺寸方案。综合评定结果表明,结构优化后仪表支架各部件均满足《压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则》(AFCEN RCC-M—2007)的要求,确保了仪表支架各工况下的机械性能。所提计算方法及结构优化方式可为类似支架的设计分析提供借鉴。     

直接甲醇燃料电池的阳极进料系统及控制策略

直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cells,DMFC)的甲醇燃料的利用关系到系统的能量密度,是其微型化亟待解决的问题。为了提高甲醇利用率和提高系统的能量密度,必须采用必要的进料系统和控制策略。该文从主动和被动两类系统总结了面向直接甲醇燃料电池的关键系统组件和相关的控制策略,从系统工程的角度加以分析,总结了DMFC用甲醇传感器和系统控制的设计开发思想,并指出电池型化学传感器将是DMFC用甲醇传感器的主要开发方向,系统需采用脉冲式进料和混合动力方式以适应不同模式的负载。自呼吸电堆需采用基于化学势为推动力的被动式进料方式。采用空载自升温模式有助于缩短启动时间。     

Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy)

In continuation of research conducted on species of the spontaneous flora of Sicily (Italy) belonging to the Brassicaceae family, Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa was selected. It is an edible species utilized in Sicilian traditional medicine. In this study, for the first time, the phenolic and the volatile compounds and the antioxidant properties of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa were characterized. Through HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis, a total of 22 polyphenolic compounds (20 flavonoids and 2 phenolic acids) were identified, with 3-hydroxiferuloylsophoroside-7-O-glucoside (1.30 mg/g ± 0.01) and kaempferol-3-O-feruloylsophoroside-7-O-glucoside (1.28 mg/g ± 0.01) as the most abundant compounds. Through SPME-GC/MS several volatiles belonging to different chemical classes were characterized, with nitriles and aldehydes accounting for more than 54% of the whole volatile fraction. The extract of B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa showed moderate activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ = 1.65 ± 0.08 mg/mL), weak reducing power (17.47 ± 0.65 ASE/mL), and good chelating properties (IC₅₀ = 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL), reaching approximately 90% activity at the highest tested concentration. Lastly, the extract was non-toxic against Artemia salina, indicating its potential safety. According to the findings, it can be stated that B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa represents a new valuable source of bioactive compounds.     

北京市湿地植物多样性及旱生植物入侵对生物多样性的影响

通过研究北京市湿地植物群落的结构,群落植物物种的组成、分布等情况,对湿地植物物种的重要值和湿地的生物多样性进行了分析。结果表明北京市主要湿地的物种组成和群落结构存在很大的差异,湿地内主要物种的重要值有季节性的变化。决定湿地群落中植物组成的主要因素是：旱生植物入侵、人为活动的干扰强度和湿地的水资源状况。因为连年降雨的减少导致了北京市湿地面积的下降和旱生植物的入侵问题日益加重。如汉石桥湿地保护区,捧草等入侵植物的群落盖度达到90％以上,有些形成单优势的群落,抑制了芦苇等湿地植物的生长。使湿地在整体上呈退化的趋势,湿地的景观价值、生态价值、湿地功能和湿地的生物多样性均严重损坏。因此,必须采取措施解决北京市湿地的水资源短缺问题,减少人类活动干扰,以恢复北京市郊县湿地和城市建成区湿地的活力,保护湿地的生物多样性。     

Impact of Modular Architecture on Activity of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 5 Subfamily 8 Mannanases

Glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 8 (GH5_8) mannanases belong to Firmicutes, Actinomycetia, and Proteobacteria. The presence or absence of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) present a striking difference. While various GH5_8 mannanases need a CBM for binding galactomannans, removal of the CBM did not affect activity of some, whereas it in other cases reduced the catalytic efficiency due to increased K_M. Here, monomodular GH5_8 mannanases from Eubacterium siraeum (EsGH5_8) and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii (XcGH5_8) were produced and characterized to clarify if GH5_8 mannanases from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria without CBM(s) possess distinct properties. EsGH5_8 showed a remarkably high temperature optimum of 55 °C, while XcGH5_8 had an optimum at 30 °C. Both enzymes were highly active on carob galactomannan and konjac glucomannan. Notably, EsGH5_8 was equally active on both substrates, whereas XcGH5_8 preferred galactomannan. The K_M values were comparable with those of catalytic domains of truncated GH5_8s, while the turn-over numbers (k_cat) were in the higher end. Notably, XcGH5_8 bound to but did not degrade insoluble ivory nut mannan. The findings support the hypothesis that GH5_8 mannanases with CBMs target insoluble mannans found in plant cell walls and seeds, while monomodular GH5_8 members have soluble mannans and mannooligosaccharides as primary substrates.     

Phytochemical Constituents and Ameliorative Effect of the Essential Oil from Annona muricata L. Leaves in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer

Annona muricata leaves are traditionally used as an anticancer plant in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the essential oil from Annona muricata leaves (EOAm) in an experimental model of breast cancer and to determine the volatile constituents with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty female rats were assigned to five groups: the control group; the DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene) group; and three groups received daily EOAm doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, plus DMBA, respectively. After 13 weeks of treatment, tumors were analyzed pathologically and biochemical markers in serum were noted. As a result, in GC-MS analysis, 40 compounds were identified and 4 of them were abundant: Z-caryophyllene (40.22%), followed by α-selinene (9.94%), β-pinene (8.92%), and β-elemene (7.48%). Furthermore, EOAm in a dose-dependent form produced a reduction in tumor frequency and the accumulated tumor volume was reduced by 50% and 71% with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly compared to the DMBA group. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased significantly from 70.75 ± 7.15 pg/mL in the DMBA group to 46.50 ± 9.00 and 34.13 ± 11.50 pg/mL in groups treated with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. This study concludes that the EOAm leaves showed an ameliorative effect in a murine model of breast cancer.     

Optimal robust control for linear feedback systems in the presence of plant uncertainty

This paper has investigated how the optimization methods can be used to deal with plant uncertainty in linear feedback control design. Firstly, we define a weighted sensitivity error function based on robust redesign. Then, by modifying the nominal controller to minimize the variance of the actual system performance from the desired performance over the whole frequency range, we obtain an optimal robust design method for a class of stochastic model errors. Moreover, the result can be used to give a good prediction to the achievable average tracking performance and control energy for practical system designs. The validity of obtained results can be illustrated by the simulation research.     

低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变性

研究了低分子量阳离子变性瓜胶与硼砂交联的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶浓度、硼砂浓度及pH对凝胶形成的影响,得到了结构稳定的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变特性,结果表明该体系具有良好的粘弹性和剪切变稀性。非线性共转Jeffreys模型可确切表征凝胶体系的粘度曲线,实验值与模拟值吻合良好。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用检测蔬菜中苄草隆残留及其断裂机理研究

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测蔬菜中的苄草隆残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,经液液分配,Carb/NH2双层柱净化后过滤膜上机。采用选择离子扫描方式,外标法定量。本方法简便、快速,通过优化前处理和上机条件,在最优条件下进行测试,苄草隆的定量检出限为0.008mg/kg,在加标水平0.01~0.5mg/kg范围内,回收率为98%~122%;相对标准偏差为6.9%~14.2%。对苄草隆的质谱检测断裂机理进行了研究。