基于RLCKVⅡ基因序列的蜘蛛抱蛋属系统发育分析

蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker-Gawl.)是单子叶植物中同一属内物种多样性最为丰富的类群之一.由于缺乏分子序列方面的研究资料,该属种间系统发育关系一直都不清楚.本研究对20种具有代表性的蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的RLCKVⅡ基因进行了测序分析.结果表明,采用分子系统学证据所构建的该属系统发育关系不支持先前基于形态证据所建立的分类系统;蜘蛛抱蛋属植物复杂的平行进化关系很可能是该属分化早期频繁种间杂交的结果.RLCKVⅡ基因适用于禾本科、棕榈科和天门冬科等类群,可作为研究单子叶植物系统发育关系的备选基因.     

基于PsbA-trnH,RbcL和trnL-F序列的野生葡萄系统发育

采用PCR技术从湘西地区的3种野生葡萄中分离PsbA-trnH、RbcL和trnL-F基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中测序,结合GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ中公布的其他葡萄科植物相应cpDNA基因信息,使用Mega4构建系统发育进化树,分析其系统发育关系.结果显示,PsbA-trnH,RbcL和trnL-F这3种cpDNA基因序列均能用于葡萄科属间的分子鉴定,但结果与传统形态学分类存在一些差异,RbcL能用于葡萄属内种间的分子鉴定.     

基于18S rRNA基因序列的毛茛科及近缘植物的分子进化关系研究

基于18S rRNA基因序列以近缘植物Paeonia suffruticosa和Mahonia bealei为外类群,采用邻接法（Neighbor-joining methods,NJ)和最大简约法（Maximum parsimony,MP）对毛茛科Ranunculaceae 6属12种植物的系统发育关系进行了分析．结果表明,18S rRNA基因序列长度范围在1807~1810bp之间,系统树显示耧斗菜属Aquilegia与唐松草属Thalictrum,升麻属Cimicifuga与乌头属Aconitu     

Phylogenetic studies of Chinese labeonine fishes (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene

The mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene is sequenced from 24 ingroups taxa, including 18 species from Labeoninae grouped in 13 genera. Phylogenetic analyses are subjected to neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Labeoninae is basically a monophyletic assemblage and can be divided into 2 major clades: one comprising the genera Cirrhinus, Crossocheilus and Garra; and the other consisting of the genera Labeo, Sinilabeo, Osteochilus, Pseudoorossocheilus, Parasinilabeo, Ptychidio, Semilabeo, Pseudogyricheilus, Rectori and Discogobio. According to our present analysis,the features such as the presence of the adhesive disc on the chin and the pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows used in the traditional taxonomy of Labeoninae provide scarce information for phylogeny of labeonine fishes.     

孔雀属孔雀线粒体细胞色素b基因全序列分析及其系统进化研究

测定了中国分布的野生绿孔雀和人工驯养的蓝孔雀、杂色孔雀、杂交孔雀以及白孔雀共5个种或亚种或变种的个体的线粒体细胞色素b基因的长为1 140bp的全序列.研究了其碱基组成及变异情况.结合GeneBank中真绿孔雀亚种、非洲孔雀、鸡以及鹑的线粒体细胞色素b(cytb)全序列,利用philip套件分别构建了系统进化树.结果显示:真绿孔雀和绿孔雀形成较接近的类群.蓝孔雀、杂色孔雀、杂交孔雀以及白孔雀形成较接近的类群.进化树结果显示白孔雀和杂色孔雀不能成为蓝孔雀的亚种.     

雏蝗属（Chorthippus）六种蝗虫基因组DNA的RAPD比较研究

运用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ技术对雏蝗属６种蝗虫基因组ＤＮＡ进行了多态性比较研究,共扩增出１２条特异性片段,分子量大小约为７４０－１８１０ｈｐ,并根据各种间片段共享度构建了ＵＰＧ聚类关系图,根据研究结果推测,短翅亚属的小翅雏蝗和北方雏蝗分化较晚,相似性很高它们可能起源于同一祖先;曲隆亚属的４个种之间差异较大。     

Aian origin for Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on rbcL sequences

~~Aian origin for Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on rbcL sequences~~     

Phylogeny and divergence of Chinese Angiopteridaceae based on chloroplast DNA sequence data （rbcL and trnL-F）

Marattioid ferns are an ancient lineage of primitive vascular plants that first appeared in the middle Carboniferous. Extant members are almost exclusively restricted to tropical regions, and the spe- cies-rich family Angiopteridaceae are limited in their distribution to the eastern hemisphere; relation- ships within the group are currently vague. Here the phylogenetic relationship between Angiopteris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. was evaluated based on the sequence analysis of chloro- plast rbcL gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer with MEGA2 and MrBayes v3.0b4. On the basis of the phy- logenetic pattern and fossil record, we further estimated the divergence time for the two genera. The phy- logenetic trees revealed that all species of Angiopteris and Archangiopteris in this study formed a monophyletic group with strong statistical support, but the relationship between the two genera re- mained unresolved based on individual sequence analysis. On the other hand, the sequence analyses of combined data set revealed that Archangiopteris species diverged first, indicating that Archangiop- teris may not be a direct derivative as traditionally assumed. The clade of Angiopteris and Archan- giopteris appears to have diversified in the late Oligocene (≈26 Ma) based on the molecular estimate. Thus, the evolutionary history of extant Angiopteris and Archangiopteris has been characterized by ancient origin and recent diversification, and these groups are not relic and endangered lineages as traditionally considered.     

Phylogeny and life habits of Early Arthropods-Predation in the Early Cambrian Sea

We investigated two new arthropods from the Maotianshan-Shale fauna of southern China in the course of our research on life strategies, particularly predation, in Early Cambrian marine macrofaunal biota. One form clearly belongs to the so-called "great-appendage" arthropods, animals that were, most likely, active predators catching prey with their first pair of large, specialized frontoventral appendages. Based on this, we hypothesize that the new species and many others, if not all, of the "great-appendage" arthropods were derivatives of the chelicerate stem lineage and not forms having branched off at different nodes along the evolutionary lineage of the Arthropoda. Rather, we consider the "great-appendage" arthropods as belonging to a monophyletic clade, which modified autapomorphically their first pair of appendages (antennae in general arthropod terminology) into raptorial organs for food capture. The second new form resembles another Maotianshan-Shale arthropod, Fuxianhuia protensa, in sharing a head made of only two separate segments, a small segment bearing oval eyes laterally, and another bearing a large tergite, which forms a wide shield freely overhanging the subsequent narrow trunk segments. This segment bears a single pair of rather short anteriorly directed uniramous appendages, considered as the "still" limb-shaped antennae. Particularly the evolutionary status of head and limbs of these two forms suggests that both are representatives of the early part of the stem lineage toward the crown-group of Arthropoda, the Euarthropoda. These forms appear rather unspecialized, but may have been but simple predators. This adds to our hypothesis that predation was a common, if not dominant feeding strategy in the Cambrian, at least for arthropods.     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒ICR489基因序列分析

报道了鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒 (ISKNV)的ICR489基因结构及其序列分析。对ISKNVDNAKpnⅠB酶切片段的序列分析结果发现该序列中含有完整的ICR489基因。ISKNVICR489基因完整读码框为 10 11bp ,GC含量为 5 6 97% ,等电点为 6 82 ,编码一个长为 337aa、相对分子质量为 382 70的推定蛋白。结构分析发现该基因起始密码子上游具有启动子元件TATAbox,有反向重复序列可形成茎环 ,并有一段回文序列。ISKNV与其它 3种虹彩病毒 (FV3、RRV和LCDV_1)的ICR489基因氨基酸序列具有一定的同源性 ,但ISKNV与它们的同源性不高 ,序列比较和系统树分析发现ISKNV与蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属的病毒都不尽相同