电弧等离子体冶炼提纯工业硅(英文)

开发了一种把电弧等离子体冶炼和电磁感应搅拌熔体相联合的在高纯石墨坩埚内冶炼提纯工业硅的硅冶炼提纯技术.掺入到电弧等离子体工作气体流中的反应性气体在硅熔体液面处与杂质反应生成挥发性杂质化合物.工业硅中难去除的杂质是B,P和Al.用由水蒸气构成的反应性气体精炼熔融态工业硅来降低其中B和P的含量,随后定向凝固移除其他杂质.用此方法冶炼处理工业硅,其中的B,P,Al,Fe,Ti,Ca和Cu的含量从7.67,73,1931,2845,166,235和56mg/kg分别降低到5.85,29,202,676,36,89和9mg/kg.硅的纯度由原来的99.46%提纯高到99.93%.     

单片机在计算机散热系统中的研究

单片机在检测和控制系统中有着广泛的应用,温度是系统经常需要测量、控制、保持的一个量。本文的温度测量和控制系统主要由DSl8820温度传感器和AT89C51单片机组成,计算机散热系统主要有风扇和水盒来完成。     

单分散Au/ZnO纳米球的可控制备及气敏性能研究

以二水合醋酸锌和二甘醇为原料,采用微波法制备ZnO单分散纳米球;采用柠檬酸还原法制备Au纳米颗粒,并通过静电作用将金纳米颗粒修饰在ZnO纳米球上制备Au/ZnO气敏材料.XRD结果证明了多晶ZnO的形成以及金属Au的成功修饰;FESEM和TEM观察到ZnO单分散纳米球由纳米颗粒组装而成,粒径约280nm;PL光谱对合成材料的晶体缺陷进行了提取,在此基础上深入讨论了Au/ZnO的增敏机理.气敏测试结果显示,Au/ZnO纳米球比未修饰的ZnO纳米球对丙酮具有更好的选择性与更低的检测温度,在体积分数为1×10-6下仍具有较强的气敏响应.     

微元步长自适应增量电导法实现MPPT的控制

为了更大程度的提高光伏发电系统的最大输出功率,通过对光伏电池功率、电压(P-U)特性的数学建模分析,在增量电导法的基础上,提出最大功率跟踪控制算法(MPPT)——微元步长自适应增量电导法.改善了传统增量电导法步长选择不确定性的弊端.通过引入变步长控制因子k,以微元步长Δd自适应的跟踪最大功率点.在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行了仿真验证.结果表明该算法明显缩短了跟踪时间,并且有效地抑制了系统在最大功率点(MPP)附近的振荡现象,提高了系统的跟踪速度和精度.     

双圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器姿态耦合误差研究

根据双圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器的工作原理,针对卫星姿态测量与控制过程中存在的俯仰角与滚动角的耦合现象,通过建立卫星姿态耦合误差数学模型,推导出卫星姿态测量计算公式,得到卫星姿态测量与控制耦合误差曲线,为卫星的姿态测量与控制提供数据补偿和精度保证。     

Low-Cost Potentiometric Sensor for Chloride Measurement in Continuous Industrial Process Control

Recently, the new updates in legislation about drinking water control and human health have increased the demand for novel electrochemical low-cost sensors, such as potentiometric ones. Nowadays, the determination of chloride ion in aqueous solutions has attracted great attention in several fields, from industrial processes to drinking water control. Indeed, chloride plays a crucial role in corrosion, also influencing the final taste of beverages, especially coffee. The main goal is to obtain devices suitable for continuous and real-time analysis. For these reasons, we investigated the possibility to develop an easy, low-cost potentiometric chloride sensor, able to perform analysis in aqueous mediums for long immersion time and reducing the need of periodic calibration. We realized a chloride ion selective electrode made of Ag/AgCl sintered pellet and we tested its response in model solutions compatible with drinking water. The sensor was able to produce a stable, reproducible, and accurate quantification of chloride in 900 s, without the need for a preliminary calibration test. This opens the route to potential applications of this sensor in continuous, in situ, and real time measurement of chloride ions in industrial processes, with a reduced need for periodic maintenance.     

Spider Silk-Improved Quartz-Enhanced Conductance Spectroscopy for Medical Mask Humidity Sensing

Spider silk is one of the hottest biomaterials researched currently, due to its excellent mechanical properties. This work reports a novel humidity sensing platform based on a spider silk-modified quartz tuning fork (SSM-QTF). Since spider silk is a kind of natural moisture-sensitive material, it does not demand additional sensitization. Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy (QECS) was combined with the SSM-QTF to access humidity sensing sensitively. The results indicate that the resonance frequency of the SSM-QTF decreased monotonously with the ambient humidity. The detection sensitivity of the proposed SSM-QTF sensor was 12.7 ppm at 1 min. The SSM-QTF sensor showed good linearity of ~0.99. Using this sensor, we successfully measured the humidity of disposable medical masks for different periods of wearing time. The results showed that even a 20 min wearing time can lead to a >70% humidity in the mask enclosed space. It is suggested that a disposable medical mask should be changed <2 h.     

Screening an In-House Isoquinoline Alkaloids Library for New Blockers of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels Using Voltage Sensor Fluorescent Probes: Hits and Biases

Voltage-gated Na⁺ (Na_V) channels are significant therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiac and neurological disorders, thus promoting the search for novel Na_V channel ligands. With the objective of discovering new blockers of Na_V channel ligands, we screened an In-House vegetal alkaloid library using fluorescence cell-based assays. We screened 62 isoquinoline alkaloids (IA) for their ability to decrease the FRET signal of voltage sensor probes (VSP), which were induced by the activation of Na_V channels with batrachotoxin (BTX) in GH3b6 cells. This led to the selection of five IA: liriodenine, oxostephanine, thalmiculine, protopine, and bebeerine, inhibiting the BTX-induced VSP signal with micromolar IC₅₀. These five alkaloids were then assayed using the Na⁺ fluorescent probe ANG-2 and the patch-clamp technique. Only oxostephanine and liriodenine were able to inhibit the BTX-induced ANG-2 signal in HEK293-hNa_V1.3 cells. Indeed, liriodenine and oxostephanine decreased the effects of BTX on Na⁺ currents elicited by the hNa_V1.3 channel, suggesting that conformation change induced by BTX binding could induce a bias in fluorescent assays. However, among the five IA selected in the VSP assay, only bebeerine exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Na⁺ currents elicited by the hNav1.2 and hNav1.6 channels, with IC₅₀ values below 10 µM. So far, bebeerine is the first BBIQ to have been reported to block Na_V channels, with promising therapeutical applications.     

混合动力汽车电机驱动系统传感器故障重构控制

针对混合动力汽车感应电机驱动系统可能存在的传感器故障模式,设计了一个主动容错重构控制系统.该系统能充分利用无故障的传感器信息,最大限度地维持驱动系统的控制性能,并在重构切换过程中,考虑电机转矩和转速的平滑过渡问题.此外,为提高车用感应电机驱动系统的性能,基于传统磁场定向控制(FOC)思想设计出一种新型鲁棒性PI控制器来实现电机转矩跟踪;利用滑模控制技术,设计了转子磁链-速度自适应观测器.为进一步提高交流电流传感器故障状态下电机驱动系统的容错能力,提出了用直流电流重构交流相电流的新思路.仿真研究表明,在发生传感器故障时,所设计的电机驱动系统仍能有效地保证车辆行驶过程中的转矩和速度跟踪性能以及系统的稳定性.     

线性激光位移传感器的结构优化设计

根据被测物体的表面反射模型,采用光线追踪法对用于自由曲面数字化的线性激光位移传感器进行了计算机仿真,利用复合形法进行了传感器结构参数优化,使用单片球面透镜替代非球面透镜获得了较好的线性关系。实验表明,采用该方法可以缩小传感的结构尺寸、提高精度,降低成本。