In vivo toxicity of nano-C60 aggregates complex with atrazine to aquatic organisms

The present study aims at investigating the potential impacts of the nC₆₀ complex with atrazine on the development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos and chronic toxicity to D. magna. Although exposure to nC₆₀ below 8 mg/L had no effects on the hatching rate of medaka embryos, it increased the deformity of hatched larvae. Moreover, the presence of nC₆₀ significantly increased the hatching time of the embryos exposed to atrazine. 14-day exposure of D. magna to nC₆₀ significantly reduced offspring production even at a concentration as low as 0.5 mg/L. This indicates that nC₆₀ is able to reduce the ability of D. magna to produce offspring, and therefore would have an impact on population. For atrazine, no significant difference in offspring production was observed. The nC₆₀ complex with atrazine was also found to significantly decrease the reproduction of D. magna, which was similar to the result of exposure to nC₆₀. These results suggest that nC₆₀ would have potential risks to aquatic organisms. Therefore, much attention should be paid to their associations with other contaminants for fullerene’s risk assessment.     

Natural Products from Tongan Marine Organisms

The islands of the South Pacific Ocean have been in the limelight for natural product biodiscovery, due to their unique and pristine tropical waters and environment. The Kingdom of Tonga is an archipelago in the central Indo-Pacific Ocean, consisting of 176 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, flourishing with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Many unique natural products with interesting bioactivities have been reported from Indo-Pacific marine sponges and other invertebrate phyla; however, there have not been any reviews published to date specifically regarding natural products from Tongan marine organisms. This review covers both known and new/novel Marine Natural Products (MNPs) and their biological activities reported from organisms collected within Tongan territorial waters up to December 2020, and includes 109 MNPs in total, the majority from the phylum Porifera. The significant biological activity of these metabolites was dominated by cytotoxicity and, by reviewing these natural products, it is apparent that the bulk of the new and interesting biologically active compounds were from organisms collected from one particular island, emphasizing the geographic variability in the chemistry between these organisms collected at different locations.     

美国滨海核电厂温排水及生态影响分析和启示

 分析了美国滨海18个核电厂（31台核电机组）温排水系统的设计特点及其对水生生物的影响。结果表明,在排水系统设计上,美国滨海厂址考虑了减小温排水对水生生物影响的措施,大部分厂址采用离岸排放,提高排水流速,有些则因地制宜采用缓冲池、设计三级堰、或者将排水口布置在取水口的上游,必要时使用闭式循环冷却水系统等。美国大部分滨海厂址温排水对水生生物的影响较小。中国核电厂机组数量较多,温排水量较大,应重视对水生生物可能产生的不利影响。在排水系统上,中国核电厂存在的主要问题有：近岸排放缺乏促进掺混的考虑,明渠排放对景观优化的考虑不够,有些电厂为了满足近岸海域环境功能区要求而设置的导流设施有碍于温排水的扩散等问题。应研究制定中国核电厂温排水影响评价导则,优化核电厂温排水排水系统的设计和建造,尽可能降低温排水对水生生物可能产生的不利影响。     

武汉东湖的污染现状与可持续发展对策研究

通过对武汉东湖４０多年来的水生生物、周边环境和水质变化的分析比较，论述了东湖生态系统的人为干扰和变化情况，在对东湖的环境容量研究计算以及最大可持续养鱼量分析的基础上，结合东湖水体的综合功能，提出了武汉东湖可持续发展的对策．     

陕西农业有害生物防控体系建设研究

为了适应陕西农业现状与发展要求,分析了陕西省农业有害生物防控工作基本情况、存在问题和当前面临挑战,提出了建立和完善由监测预警、预防控制、科技创新、应急管理和社会化服务等组成的陕西省农业有害生物防控体系.     

Application of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles as oligonucleotide labels for the electrochemical detection of NOS terminator gene sequences

A mercaptoacetic acid (MAA)-modified cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle was synthesized in aqueous solution and used as an oligonucleotide label for the electrochemical detection of nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator gene sequence. The carboxyl groups on the surface of the CdS nanoparticle can be easily covalently linked with NH₂-modified NOS oligonucleotide probe sequences. The target ssDNA sequence was fixed onto the electrode surface by covalently linking to a mercaptoethanol self-assembled gold electrode, and the DNA hybridization of target ssDNA with probe ssDNA was accomplished on the electrode surface. The CdS nanoparticles anchored on the hybrids were dissolved in the solution by the oxidation with HNO₃ and further detected by a sensitive differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method. The detection results can be used for monitoring the hybridization, and the NOS target sequence was satisfactorily detected in the approximate range from 8.0 × 10⁻¹² to 4.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 2.75 × 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹ (3σ). The established method extended the nanoparticle-labeled electrochemical DNA analysis to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) specific sequence samples with higher sensitivity and selectivity.     

单细胞水生生物金属纳米颗粒的定量分析

人类活动释放的金属纳米颗粒不可避免地进入水环境中。大量研究表明,金属纳米颗粒会对水生生物产生生殖毒性和遗传毒性等,金属纳米颗粒还可能沿着食物链传递,对环境生物和人类健康造成威胁。细胞内金属纳米颗粒定量分析是研究金属纳米颗粒生物效应的重要基础。此外,单细胞之间存在异质性,具有特殊生理特性的细胞个体可能影响细胞群体的命运。而基于细胞群体平均值的定量分析则忽略了细胞个体的异质性,遗漏了对群落具有重要功能的细胞群体信息。因此,在单细胞水平上定量分析水环境中底层营养级的单细胞微生物细胞内金属纳米颗粒,对认识金属纳米颗粒与水生生物的相互作用,评估其进入食物链的潜在风险至关重要。本文梳理了已用于单细胞水生生物体内金属纳米颗粒的单细胞定量分析方法,阐述了它们的工作原理和在相关研究中的应用,总结了各方法的优缺点,期望为今后相关研究的方法选择提供参考,最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向。     

转基因生物产业化与生物安全

阐述转基因生物产业化的发展 ,分析转基因生物产业化对生物安全的不良影响     

激光拉曼光谱技术在生物活体研究中的应用进展

激光拉曼光谱技术能够实现物质的分子级探测并给出具有高度特异性的"指纹图谱",具有快速、无创、灵敏度高等优势,在生物医学研究尤其是生物活体研究领域展现出良好的应用潜力,是当前的研究热点之一.生物活体研究能够在不影响生物机体正常生理环境的情况下获取最真实的反馈信息,具有无创性,是生物医学研究最理想的手段.本文从生物组织、血...     

水解酸化—好氧生物处理焦化废水的试验研究

对处理焦化废水的两种工艺的试验研究表明，采用水解酸化－好氧生物处理较单一好氧生物处理可取得良好的效果。水解酸化作为焦化废水的预处理比较适宜。当实际焦化废水进水CODcr浓度为2214mg/L，水解酸化停留时间12h，好氧曝气时间18h，间歇动态试验出水CODcr浓度为172mg/L时，CODcr的去除率达92．23％，满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978－95）的排放要求。