Analysis of ultratrace triorganotin compounds in aquatic organisms by using capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A microwave-assisted extraction used to extract trace triorganotin from aquatic organisms and a sensitive analytical method for the determination of ultratrace triorganotin (namely trimethyltin, triethyltin, tripropyltin and tributyltin) with capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were firstly described in this study. The extraction method is simple, effective and can be used to extract trace triorganotin in aquatic organisms within several min. The analytical method has a much lower detection limit of 0.2-0.7 ng Sn/mL for triorganotin compounds, and can be used to determine trace triorganotin in aquatic organisms directly without any derivatization and preconcentration. Using above methods, we have successfully determined trimethyltin, triethyltin, tripropyltin and tributyltin in dried Mya arenaria Linnaeus and Corbicula fluminea within 17 min with a recovery of 93-104% and a RSD (relative standard deviation, n = 6) of 2-5%. Our results showed that dried M. arenaria Linnaeus contained an extremely high tributyltin of 5.1 μg Sn/g dried weight, indicating that it may be a good biomarker for the organotin pollution in ocean.     

生物体中微量元素硒的检测方法研究进展

生物体中硒含量的测定,是生命科学领域中研究硒的重要环节,为便于了解生物体中硒的现代分析方法,作者查阅近十年来国内外关于生物体中硒含量检测方法的有关文献,从原子光谱分析法,分子光谱分析法,电化学分析法,活化分析,形态分析等方面,一一加以综述.各种分析方法各有特色,应用者可根据要分析的对象,实验室现有条件,选择合适的分析方法.     

连续流双污泥系统反硝化除磷脱氮特性

以生活污水为处理对象 ,对基于缺氧吸磷理论开发出的连续流厌氧 /缺氧 -硝化 (A2 N)双污泥新工艺反硝化除磷脱氮的性能进行了考察 .试验结果表明 :A2 N双泥系统能使硝化菌和反硝化聚磷菌分别在各自最佳的环境中生长 ,利于系统脱氮除磷的稳定和高效 ,可控制性也得到了提高 .研究发现 ,当进水 ρ(C) / ρ(N)为 3.97时 ,ρ(总氧 ,TN) / ρ(总磷 ,TP)和化学耗氧量 (COD)去除率分别为 80 .99% ,92 .87%和 91% ;而当提高进水 ρ(C) / ρ(N)至 6 .4 9时 ,可进一步提高脱氮除磷效果 ,ρ(TN) ,ρ(TP)和COD去除率分别达到 92 .7% ,97.95 %和 95 % .可见 ,该工艺较适合进水COD/ ρ(TN) 偏低的城市污水脱氮除磷处理 .     

热浸锌材料的生物污损研究

【目的】探讨青岛海域热浸锌材料的生物污损特点。【方法】用富锌材料作对比,于青岛中港进行3年的热浸锌海港试验,对两种材料上污损生物群落的组成和分布情况进行月检和年检,对比不同深度、光照下污损生物群落组成差异,并应用PRIMER 6软件进行污损生物群落多样性分析。【结果】热浸锌试板防污性能优于富锌试板,但随着浸海时间的延长,防污性能会逐渐减弱;试板上污损生物群落和优势种随季节、光照和水深变化而有一定差异;综合考虑各种影响因素,用PRIMER 6软件分析污损生物群落多样性结构,得到的结果与传统分析方法一致。【结论】青岛海域热浸锌材料上污损生物群落组成、优势种类和污损程度受季节、光照、水深等的影响。     

Cytotoxicological aspects of organic arsenic compounds contained in marine products using the mammalian cell culture technique

Arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide and tetramethylarsonium iodide, which are contained in marine fishery products, were examined for their potencies on cell growth inhibition, chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Arseno- betaine, the major water-soluble organic arsenic compound in marine animals, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. This compound showed no cell growth inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg cm⁻³ and the cytotoxicity was lower than 1/14 000th of that of sodium arsenite and 1/1600th of that of sodium arsenate towards BALB/c 3T3 cells. The chromosomal aberrations caused by arsenobetaine at a concentration of 10 mg cm⁻³ consisted mainly of chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks, but in this concentration chromosomal breakage owing to its osmotic pressure is likely to be considerable. No SCE was observed at a concentration of 1 mg cm⁻³. Arsenocholine and trimethylarsine oxide also showed no cell growth inhibited at a concentration of 10 mg cm⁻³. However, tetramethylarsonium iodide inhibition the growth of BALB/c 3T3 at a concentration of 8 mg cm⁻³. These compounds exhibited a low ability to induce chromosomal aberrations at a concentration range of 2–10 mg cm⁻³ and no SCE was observed at a concentration of 1.0 mg cm⁻³. These results suggested that the major and minor organic arsenic compounds contained in marine fishery products are much less cytotoxic inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西南地区晚古生代深水生物相初探

西南地区晚古生代时位于华南陆板块的南部被动大陆边缘及陆内。自早泥盆世中晚期开始发生裂陷运动,在滇东、黔南和广西地区发生沿北西向为主,北东向为次的拉张裂陷沉降,最终形成由狭长的台问海槽和弧立碳酸盐台地相间排列的古地貌格局。由于浊流的发育、洋流作用,使深水海槽内海水局部混和充氧,各海槽内海水不完全停滞,不同于黑海式全封闭的阻隔式盆地。不同深度的海槽内具有不同的古生物组合,从浅到深,可归入充氧生物相,充氧-贫氧生物相,贫氧-厌氧生物相及厌氧生物相。     

Vesicle propulsion in haptotaxis: A local model

We study theoretically vesicle locomotion due to haptotaxis. Haptotaxis is referred to motion induced by an adhesion gradient on a substrate. The problem is solved within a local approximation where a Rayleigh-type dissipation is adopted. The dynamical model is akin to the Rousse model for polymers. An invariant formulation is used to solve a dynamical model which includes a kind of dissipation due to bond breaking/restoring with the substrate. For a stationary situation where the vesicle acquires a constant drift velocity, we formulate the propulsion problem in terms of a nonlinear eigenvalue (the a priori unknown drift velocity) one of Barenblat-Zeldovitch type. A counting argument shows that the velocity belongs to a discrete set. For a relatively tense vesicle, we provide an analytical expression for the drift velocity as a function of relevant parameters. We find good agreement with the full numerical solution. Despite the oversimplification of the model it allows the identification of a relevant quantity, namely the adhesion length, which turns out to be crucial also in the nonlocal model in the presence of hydrodynamics, a situation on which we have recently reported (I. Cantat and C. Misbah, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 235 (1999)) and which constitutes the subject of a forthcoming extensive study. Received 10 February 2000     

广西北部湾近岸养殖区表层沉积物和养殖生物体重金属污染状况及生态风险评价

为阐明广西北部湾近岸养殖区重金属污染状况及潜在来源,根据2013-2016年广西北部湾4个主要海水养殖区的海洋环境监测调查数据,分别应用单因子指数法、综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地积累指数法评价研究区表层沉积物的重金属污染程度,应用单因子指数法评价养殖生物体的重金属污染程度。结果表明：4个养殖区沉积物中大部分重金属含量超过国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;4个海水养殖区表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险从高到低为防城港红沙大蚝养殖区>北海廉州湾海水增养殖区>钦州茅尾海大蚝养殖区>防城港珍珠湾珍珠养殖区;重金属污染因子中,Hg的潜在风险程度最高。从地积累指数和级别评价结果可知,广西4个养殖区表层沉积物5种重金属的污染程度为Cu>Hg>As>Pb>Cd,其中Cu主要受到人类活动(如渔船活动、养殖活动)影响。养殖生物体中重金属污染程度最严重的是钦州茅尾海大蚝养殖区,其他3个养殖区的养殖生物也不同程度地受到不同重金属的污染。因此,广西北部湾养殖区重金属污染状况不容忽视,尤其是Hg和Cu污染,未来仍需警惕。     

催化褪色光度法测定海洋生物中痕量硒

在pH =3的HCl KHC8H4O4缓冲介质中 ,硒 能催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫的褪色反应 ,据此建立了催化动力学光度测定痕量硒的新方法。优化了动力学反应条件 ,并对海洋生物样品测定的前处理过程进行了研究。该方法对硒的检出限为 0 .14μg L ,线性范围为 0～ 8μg L ,精密度和准确度良好 ,对牡蛎等海洋生物样品中总硒含量测定的RSD <10 %,回收率为 96 %～ 10 7%,与DAN荧光光度法测定结果的相对偏差 <± 6 %。     

Accreditation of GMO detection laboratories: Improving the reliability of GMO detection

Reliable and efficient methods for detecting genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are essential for establishing an effective system for traceability all along the supply chain from seed producers to final consumers. The latter is especially meaningful in European Union and other countries where strict legislations on GMOs were set up. Performance of the methods used in laboratories around the world should be uniform, in order to obtain reliable and comparable results. Accreditation is a suitable system for harmonising procedures in each testing laboratory. In this paper, key elements for the accreditation of molecular biology methods for GMO detection according to ISO/IEC 17025 are described. The procedures described are also valuable for the accreditation of molecular methods for all laboratory diagnostics where qualitative and quantitative characterisation of nucleic acids is needed.