Simulations of the active transport of a neutral solute based on a kinase-channel-phosphatase topology

Simulations of coupled interactions involving two opposite enzymatic reactions, solute diffusions, and electrostatic interactions between membrane charges and charged solutes were conducted under a fixed kinase-channel-phosphatase (KCP) topology oriented from the outside to the inside of a porous membrane structure. Depending on the kinase and phosphatase locations, we recently demonstrated that an active transport of a phosphorylated substrate may occur via the opposite topology, that is, a PCK topology. The present analysis demonstrates that, under a KCP membrane topology, which also behaves as a specific ATP-dependent transporter, the active transport of a neutral substrate may occur. This analogous active transport appears to be dependent on the phosphatase location and on the membrane surface potentials. A broad analysis of the role played by the main parameters taken into account in the model was conducted in order to define precisely the physico-chemical conditions and the membrane topology needed for the highest active transports within the shortest time.     

长毛对虾碱性磷酸酶功能基团的研究

用对－氯汞苯甲酸修饰该酶分子中的巯基，酶活力不受影响，说明该酶不是“巯基酶”．用Ｎ溴代琥珀酰亚胺修饰酶后，活力完全丧失，修饰后的酶在２７５ｎｍ处的紫外吸收峰完全消失，３４０ｎｍ处荧光发射峰也逐渐下降至完全淬灭，说明色氨酸残基是酶活性必需基因之一．用甲醛、醋酸酐修饰氨基，溴代乙酸修饰咪唑基也可以使酶活力完全丧失，说明赖氨酸残基及组氨酸残基也是酶活性功能基因．用乙酰丙酮修饰精氨酸残基，酶活力下降了５０％，精氨酸残基可能与维系酶分子构象有关．     

碱性磷酸酶在体外钙化中的作用

报道了用碱性磷酸酶抑制剂左旋咪唑和缓钙化剂偕二磷酸钠，通过体外钙化实验，跟踪测试ＡＫＰ比活力及＾４５Ｃａ在佝偻病从鼠的骺骨生长板中的掺入。结果表明，钙化与酶失活，缺乏Ｃａ＾２＋或Ｐｉ的条件下不会发生，ＡＰＫ活力对钙化的发生是必需的，ＡＫＰ尖力超高，钙化速度越快，同时，钙化会加速ＡＫＰ失活，钙化速度越快，ＡＫＰ活力降低越快。     

金黄色葡萄球菌低分子质量双特异性磷酸酶sLMWDSP的表达、纯化及性质

双特异性磷酸酶是酪氨酸磷酸酶家族中的一员,它参与生物体内信号转导、生长调控、新陈代谢等许多基本的生理活动.金黄色葡萄球菌的低分子质量双特异性磷酸酶sLMWDSP(low molecular weight dual-specificityphosphatase,Staphylococcus aureus)基因从金黄色葡萄球菌cDNA库中克隆,并在大肠杆菌中表达.高纯度的sLMWDSP用亲和层析的方法纯化得到.酶学性质研究表明:sLMWDSP催化对硝基苯磷酸(-pnitrophenyl phos-phate,pNPP)水解反应的最适pH值为6.7,最适温度为35℃,且该酶的活性不依赖于金属离子.磷酸酶通用抑制剂岗田酸(Okadaic acid)、EDTA对sLMWDSP几乎没有抑制作用,但钒酸钠能明显地抑制该酶的活性.sLMWDSP对pSer/Thr以及pTyr的寡肽均有去磷酸化作用,这说明sLMWDSP是一个新的双特异性磷酸酶.     

氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶活力的影响

选用L Ala、L Val、L Leu等15种氨基酸为效应物,研究它们对杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)碱性磷酸酶(EC.3.1.3.1)催化pNPP水解反应的影响.结果表明:上述这些氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶均有一定程度的抑制作用,抑制程度随着试剂浓度增大而加剧.当浓度为10.0mmol/L时,分别可以使酶活力下降:7.77%、36.75%、22.79%、39.86%、16.16%、19.33%、94.77%、20.19%、17.02%、40.15%、31.08%、17.52%、30.56%、36.77%和12.59%.尤其以L Cys对酶的抑制作用最为显著(抑制率为94.77%),其次是L Ile和L His,它们均能使酶活力下降40%;对酶抑制率在30%以上的氨基酸还有L Val、L Trp、L Phe和L Lys,其它选用的氨基酸对酶的抑制率小于25%.选择对杂色鲍ALP具有较明显的抑制作用的氨基酸L Val、L Ile、L Trp和L Cys等氨基酸为研究对象,研究它们对酶催化pNPP水解反应的抑制作用机理,并测定其抑制常数.结果表明L Cys的抑制作用为混合型效应,其KI和KIS值分别为0.042mmol/L和0.139mmol/L;而L Val、L Ile、L Trp为反竞争性,其KIS分别为9.56、8.55、8.09mmol/L.     

球形棕囊藻北部湾株对不同形态磷源的利用及碱性磷酸酶特性研究

【目的】探讨球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)北部湾株BBW PG-01对不同磷源利用能力的差异以及碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,AP)特性,揭示溶解有机磷(Dissolved organic phosphorus,DOP)在该藻赤潮发生时的重要作用。【方法】在实验室培养条件下,以KH_2PO_4(PO_4~(3-))、核糖核酸(RNA)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸钠盐(G-6-P)、三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP)和卵磷脂(LEC)作为磷源,对比研究BBW PG-01在这5种不同磷源培养条件下的生长特征及碱性磷酸酶活性(Alkaline phosphatase activity,APA),并结合磷饥饿条件下的无机磷吸收动力学及碱性磷酸酶动力学分析其对无机磷和有机磷的竞争机制。【结果】5种形态磷源均可被BBW PG-01利用,RNA为其最优生长磷源,而以大分子有机磷LEC为磷源时生长最差,两者最大细胞密度分别为4.40×10~8 cells/L和2.39×10~8 cells/L,水解大分子DOP可能需要更高的酶活性。动力学研究结果表明,在磷缺乏的条件下,BBW PG-01具有通过高亲和力来竞争磷源以维持生长的能力。【结论】球形棕囊藻北部湾株在AP的作用下,能够利用多种DOP进行生长,且在低磷条件下对无机磷(DIP)和DOP均具有较强的竞争能力,海洋中DOP可能是球形棕囊藻赤潮暴发和维持的重要磷源。     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dihydropyridine and Pyridine Analogs as Potent Human Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors with Anticancer Activity: ROS and DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis

Small molecules with nitrogen-containing scaffolds have gained much attention due to their biological importance in the development of new anticancer agents. The present paper reports the synthesis of a library of new dihydropyridine and pyridine analogs with diverse pharmacophores. All compounds were tested against the human tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (h-TNAP) enzyme. Most of the compounds showed excellent enzyme inhibition against h-TNAP, having IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.49 ± 0.025 to 8.8 ± 0.53 µM, which is multi-fold higher than that of the standard inhibitor (levamisole = 22.65 ± 1.60 µM) of the h-TNAP enzyme. Furthermore, an MTT assay was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity against the HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Among the analogs, the most potent dihydropyridine-based compound 4d was selected to investigate pro-apoptotic behavior. The further analysis demonstrated that compound 4d played a significant role in inducing apoptosis through multiple mechanisms, including overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damaging, and arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase by inhibiting CDK4/6. The apoptosis-inducing effect of compound 4d was studied through staining agents, microscopic, and flow cytometry techniques. Detailed structure–activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking studies were carried out to identify the core structural features responsible for inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the h-TNAP enzyme. Moreover, fluorescence emission studies corroborated the binding interaction of compound 4d with DNA through a fluorescence titration experiment.     

Ionizing Groups at the Active Site of the Alkaline Phosphatase from Ostrea cucullate

Introduction Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase that functions through a phosphoseryl intermediate to produce free inorganic phosphate or to transfer the phosphoryl group to other alcohols[1,2]. In the past decade…     

金属离子和脲对背角无齿蚌碱性磷酸酶的影响

研究了多种金属离子对背角无齿蚌碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性的影响，结果表明：Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋和Ｌｉ＾＋等一价金属离子没有影响：Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｂａ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋和Ｃｏ＾２＋有激活作用；而Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｈｇ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋及Ａｇ＾＋有抑制作用，脲对ＡＫＰ的变性失活作用，按脲浓度可为低于２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和高于２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ两种类型，低浓度脲对背角无齿蚌ＡＫＰ活性抑制的动力学表