Electro‐optical cells using a cellulose derivative and cholesteric liquid crystals

A cellulose derivative/liquid crystal composite‐type electro‐optical cell using a commercial cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) was investigated. The electro‐optical properties of the system were examined, i.e. the dependence on applied voltage of the reflected wavelength and the minimum and maximum transmissions. A thin film of the CLC was dispersed with a cross‐linked cellulose film of 25 µm thickness. In the voltage dependence of the reflected wavelength it was verified that there is a hysteresis in the reflected wavelength. The variation of the reflected wavelength with temperature was also determined. The results are analysed in the framework of similar systems described in the literature for CLC dispersed in a polymer matrix.     

低水碳摩尔比条件下液化石油气高效预重整的Ni/CeO2/Al2O3 催化剂

 采用硝酸镍和硝酸铈水溶液共浸渍薄水铝石制备了 Ni/CeO2/Al2O3 催化剂, 并将其用于低水碳摩尔比条件下商用液化石油气 (LPG) 预重整反应. 考察了 Ni 含量和反应温度对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, 在 300~400 oC 和水碳摩尔比为 1.0 的条件下, 该催化剂具有很高的催化 LPG 预重整反应活性. 15%Ni/CeO2/Al2O3 催化剂在 350 oC, 3 000 ml/(g•h) 和水碳摩尔比 1.0 的条件下, 反应 105 h 后 LPG 转化率和产气组成均保持不变, 表现出较高的稳定性. 反应后催化剂表面没有明显的积炭.     

Effects of Hydrogen Enhancement in LPG/Air Premixed Flame

A numerical study of hydrogen-enhanced liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) + air flames was presented. The variations of the adiabatic burning velocity in different conditions of combustion (?=0.7-1.4) were studied extensively. The hydrogen content in the fuel was varied from 0% to 45% and the dilution factor was from 21% to 16%. Since the major components of LPG are butane and propane, an appropriate chemical kinetic model must be chosen to solve the chemical reaction of C3 and C4 species. Validation of the chemical kinetic model against the fundamental combustion data was performed to insure accuracy. In addition, independent simulations were conducted in the opposed-jet, symmetric, twin-flame configuration. The effects of fluid mechanics, as manifested by the induced strain rate, were also considered. The effects of extinction strain rate on flame temperature and the flammability limits were calculated and the results showed that hydrogen-enhanced LPG/air premixed flames were more stable at high flame strain. The lean flammability limits were extended by the H₂ addition.     

变截面双帽箱型横截面点焊薄壁构件的扭转问题

提出沿构件长度方向截面尺寸发生缓慢变化时双帽箱型横截面点焊薄壁构件扭转特性的分析方法,并利用此方法讨论了变截面等焊点间隔构件和变截面非等焊点间隔构件的翘曲扭转问题并得到如下结论:①变截面构件长度越长,扭转刚度越小,其刚度下降率与等截面构件几乎相等;②采用变截面构件,不仅保持一定刚度,还可以减少焊点数目,降低焊接成本;③若右半部分的焊点间隔p2对左半部分的焊点间隔p1的变化范围小于25%,则其传递剪力变化不大。仿真结果与实验值以及利用cosmos/m而得到的数值解相比较吻合得较好,完全满足工程精度要求。此研究为解决实际车体结构的设计问题,具有有益的参考价值。     

自动化质谱图解卷积和鉴定系统用于鉴定含痕量杂原子的石油馏分（英文）

Here we present a simple yet effective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification approach for the detection of heteroatom-containing compounds (HACCs) in petroleum fractions. The MS/AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) program was used to identify parts per million (ppm) HACC concentrations in petroleum fractions in place of traditional techniques (extraction and standard injection). Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (S-PAHs) were used as model compounds to confirm the validity of the AMDIS identifiers, which were compared with extracted results using the off-line X-calibur software. AMDIS was able to identify ppm concentrations of S-PAHs in oil condensate. There was good agreement between experimental and AMDIS identification results for S-PAHs in oil condensate. AMDIS was also used to detect nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) and alkylphenols in oil condensate. Our results confirmed the presence of 2-methylbenzothiazole, carbazole, and 2,4-ditertbutyl phenol. In a crude oil sample, AMDIS identification of m/z=191 biomarkers was consistent with empirical results. Therefore, AMDIS can help to reduce the number of experimental steps in identification protocols.     

变速恒频风力发电机组的模糊控制

简要介绍了变速恒频风力发电机组的控制原理,对变速恒频风力发电机组在高于额定风速运行时的变速桨距调节设计了模糊控制器,并用MATLAB对该控制器进行了仿真。     

土壤和沉积物石油污染现状

针对全球石油污染的现状从原油的组成、分类与对环境的潜在影响、原油中有毒有害物质的成分、石油的工业工艺流程等方面进行了论述,并着重分析了中国土壤和沉积物原油污染,对松辽盆地、济阳坳陷、塔里木盆地、渤海油区等区域污染现状作了详细介绍,对石油勘探开发中重要污染源之一——化学助剂造成的污染也作了总括.     

常温干燥法制备纳米炭粉

以煤焦油沥青为原料,浓硫酸和浓硝酸为氧化剂,利用溶胶-凝胶方法制备水性中间相沥青.将水性中间相沥青溶解于氨水中得到水相炭基凝胶,经过乙醇与水交换后进行常温干燥和热处理制备纳米炭粉.利用FT-IR光谱、TG、XRD和TEM等分析手段对水性中间相沥青、纳米炭原粉以及纳米炭粉进行了表征.结果表明:采用常温干燥方法制备纳米炭粉是可行的,制得的纳米炭粉粒度均匀、规则,形状近似于球形,平均粒径为20 nm左右,其炭结构为无序的乱层石墨结构.在沥青与混酸氧化过程中,主要发生硝化、氧化、磺化反应;纳米炭原粉的热解过程分为脱醇脱水、预热解、强烈热分解和结构重排等四个阶段.     

复式螺旋测微器螺距误差补偿与示值误差综合

本文简要介绍了复式螺旋测微器的设计原理,在复式螺旋运动误差分析的基础上,提出了一种螺距误差自动补偿方法。通过样机的螺距误差实测曲线和测微器示值误差检定结果,验证了它的可行性和示值误差综合的正确性。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.