Growth transition and morphology change in polypropylene

The growth rate of isotactic polypropylene is deduced from microscopic observations during isothermal crystallizations. A change in the growth regime is observed at 138 C and interpreted as a Regime III Regime II transition, according to Hoffman's kinetic theory of polymer crystallization. A Regime II Regime I transition is also theoretically predicted at 155 C, i. e. at a temperature outside the investigated temperature range. The Regime III Regime II transition is related to the positive to negative change in the spherulite birefringence, which is generally attributed to a change in the organization of crystalline lamellae: quadritic arrays of intercrossing lamellae atT _c < 138 C (Regime III) and preferentially radiating lamellae atT _c > 138 C (Regime II). It is suggested that such a morphological change could be interpreted using the concept of non-adjacent re-entry introduced in Hoffman's kinetic theory. This interpretation could also explain the interspherulitic ruptures observed in negative spherulites.     

The influence of the mercury and thallium atoms in organomercury and organothallium nitroxyl radicals on their reactivity

An increase is found in the reactivity of organomercury and organothallium nitroxyl mono- and biradicals of the imidazoline type in comparison with the analogous compounds without organometallic fragments. This is explained by the formation of coordination bonds NHg, NTl, and NOHg.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 224–226, January, 1993.     

Photophysical aspects of single-molecule detection by two-photon excitation with consideration of sequential pulsed illumination.

An important goal in single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is the theoretical simulation of the fluorescence signal stemming from individual molecules and its autocorrelation function. The simulation approaches developed up to now are based exclusively on continuous-wave (cw) illumination and consequently on cw-excitation. However, this approximation is no longer valid in the case of two-photon excitation, for which pulsed illumination is usually employed. We present a novel theoretical model for the simulation of the fluorescence signal of single molecules and its autocorrelation function with consideration of the time dependence of the excitation flux and thus of all illumination-dependent photoprocesses: two-photon excitation, induced emission and photobleaching. Further important characteristics of our approach are the consideration of the dependence of the photobleaching rate on illumination and the low intersystem-crossing rates of the studied coumarins. Moreover, using our approach, we can predict quantitatively the effect of the laser pulse width on the fluorescence signal of a molecule, that is, the contributions of the photobleaching and saturation effects, and thus we can calculate the optimal laser pulse width. The theoretical autocorrelation functions were fitted to the experimental data, and we could ascertain a good agreement between the resulting and the expected parameters. The most important parameter is the photobleaching constant sigma, the cross section of the transition Sn<--S1, which characterises the photostability of the molecules independent of the experimental conditions. Its value is 1.7 x 10(-23) cm2 for coumarin 153 and 5 x 10(-23) cm2 for coumarin 314.     

一种改进的树形矢量量化编码算法

矢量量化中的一个最严重的问题是在一本码本中搜索最近码字的高计算复杂度。本文在研究树形矢量量化的基础上提出了一种改进的树形矢量量化编码算法。实验结果表明,本文提出的编码算法相对于树形矢量量化算法可大大改善峰值信噪比（ＰＳＮＲ）。     

L—统计量的非一致性收敛速度

本文研究了高阶矩条件下L—统计量的非一致性收敛速度,得到了与独立和类似的收敛速度。     

棉花黄萎病毒素在早期抗病性检测中的应用研究

用棉花黄萎病（Ｖ．ｄａｈｌｉａｅ）毒素,处理不同抗性品种二叶期幼苗,结果表明,黄萎病毒素对棉花幼苗有明显致萎作用,其萎蔫指数与田间病情指数呈显著正相关,同时发现黄萎病毒素对种子发芽也有明显的抑制作用     

财政收支的预测与控制

运用最优控制论的原理与方法讨论了财政收支的预测模型与控制模型,并应用于制定国民经济发展规划．     

不可逆卡诺热机的火用损率优化

导出一类不可逆卡诺热机在给定功率下的最小火用损率,并作了分析和讨论．所得结论可为热机的优化设计和能量的合理利用等提供些新理论依据．     

一种高质量的2 kb/s语言编码算法MWI

提出一种高质量的低速率语言编码算法ＭＷＩ,该算法对传统的波形插值算法ＷＩ进行了全面的改进。ＭＷＩ采用了一种更加合理的插值模型,包括统一的清音和浊音分析合成模型、新的典型波形的提取和表示方法,并且采用动态规划的算法增加基音周期估计的准确性。由于不依赖于准确的清浊音判别,ＭＷＩ具有更强的抗噪声能力。ＭＷＩ的参数设置也有利于更加有效的参数量化。随着编码速率的下降,ＭＷＩ的质量虽然呈下降的趋势,但在２ｋｂ／ｓ的速率下,它仍然能给出具有很高清晰度和自然度的合成语音。构造的完整的ＭＷＩ２ｋｂ／ｓ的声码器,具有很高的自然度和可懂度。     

小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)食性和食量的研究

小毛足鼠饲喂试验结果以及颊囊食物统计结果表明,该鼠在饲喂条件下食物资源利用谱相对较宽,但在野外条件下食物资源的利用主要以植物种子为主;并结合具体情况探讨了造成野外条件下该鼠食物资源利用范围趋于特化的原因．估算了小毛足鼠的采食效率为０．０７６％～０．１４％．在以上研究基础上,对小毛足鼠的危害与防治问题作了初步分析与说明