小麦幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

选取 2 3个品种 (系 )及 8个杂交组合F1的幼胚作为供试材料 ,取 12～ 16日龄的幼胚接种在附加 2 ,4 -D2 0mg/L和 6 -BA 1 0mg/L的MS培养基上 ,诱导 3～ 5d后所有供试材料都具有愈伤组织。筛选出适宜的继代培养基为 :MS +2 ,4 -D 4 0mg/L +NAA 0 5mg/L +LH 5 0 0mg/L +0 5 %蔗糖 +0 85 %琼脂 ;大穗 2、昌乐 2号、抗锈 2 0 4、品系 38等材料愈伤组织生长较好。植株再生适宜的培养基为 1/2MS +NAA 0 5mg/L +6 -BA0 5mg/L +0 3%蔗糖 +0 85 %琼脂。抗锈 2 0 4、昌乐 2号、优 2 6 5 /昌乐 2号、优 2 6 5 /京选 6号、优 2 6 5 /有芒白 4号等 5个供试材料分化率较高 ;杂交胚与常规品种比较 ,幼苗分化率表现出较强的杂种优势     

农作物废弃物液化的实验研究

在250 mL的高压反应釜中对五种不同种类的农作物废弃物进行了液化研究。以花生壳作探索实验,重点考察了温度、时间、催化剂用量等因素对液化行为的影响,并给出了五种农作物的液化结果。研究结果表明,给料比为10 g原料/100 mL水时,在300℃～340 ℃、10 min、K2CO3添加量为1/30（催化剂/原料）的条件下,五种农作物废弃物液化获得的重油产率为21%～28%。对产物的高热值进行分析表明,农作物废弃物液化重油具有较高的热值,液化促进了能量分化,是农作物废弃物转化为生物燃料的有效手段。     

广州地区早孕妇女HCMV感染及其垂直传播

用聚合酶链反应技术检测１１０例早孕妇女尿液及其胚胎绒毛的ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ。结果孕母尿液与胚胎绒毛的ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ阳性率分别为１５．５％和７．３％，宫内感染率为４１．２％，孕母尿液与胚胎绒毛的ＨＣＭＶ阳性数密切相关，提示孕母尿路排毒系全身性活动性感染；孕母尿液ＨＣＭＶ阳性与阴性者其胚胎绒毛ＨＣＭＶ阳性数具显著差异，表明孕母尿液阳性者较阴性者处于垂感染胚胎的高危状态，建立采用ＰＣＲ法普查早孕妇女尿液ＨＣ     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

哈密翼龙及其3D胚胎化石研究

 翼龙是地球上第一类飞向天空也是唯一绝灭的飞行脊椎动物，人类对其产卵繁殖、生长发育和生活习性等方面的了解还十分有限。本文介绍了一件超过200枚哈密翼龙蛋、胚胎和骨骼化石三位一体保存的重要标本，包括16枚翼龙蛋含有三维立体的胚胎化石。针对这件全世界首次发现的3D翼龙胚胎，研究提出哈密翼龙具有相对早熟的胚胎发育模式，其后肢发育速度较前肢快，孵化之后只能走不能飞；胚胎发育期间牙齿尚未萌出，出生后还需要父母照料；从胚胎到亚成年都具有快速生长的骨骼结构；显示哈密翼龙具有群居的生活习性，白垩纪的湖泊风暴导致其集群死亡并快速埋藏。     

花生黄化病致病线虫的形态鉴定与分子生物学检测

对福建省宁德市霞浦县花生上采集到的一种寄生线虫，进行形态特征观察、组织染色实验和测序比对，将其鉴定为装饰中环线虫。     

紫色土壤花生施肥试验

为了确定紫色土壤种植花生的高产高效施肥，于１９９６年～１９９７年在广西邕宁县进行花生施肥试验。试验设有机肥、尿素、氯化钾和钙镁磷肥４个处理，总面积４８０．２４ｍ＾２。结果表明，有机肥或尿素的过量使用是植株徒长倒伏的主要因子：增施：有机肥≤１５０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，尿素≤１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，ＫＣｌ≤２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，钙镁磷肥≤４５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，都能明显提高花生的单株生产力、百果重和百仁重，     

单纯形法优化花生根中白藜芦醇的微波提取工艺

采用微波提取与分子荧光分析技术．探索正交试验与改进单纯形试验设计相结合优化花生根中白藜芦醇的微波提取工艺．通过L9（3^4）正交试验考察料液比、微波功率、乙醇溶剂浓度以及微波提取时间等因素对白藜芦醇提取效果的影响．再采用改进单纯形试验进一步优化提取工艺．研究表明：结合正交试验与改进单纯形法提取花生根中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺条件为料液比1：15（g·mL^-1）,微波功率中高火,微波时间5min,乙醇浓度68％．在最佳工艺条件下白藜芦醇的平均提取率为0．1515％,与单纯采用正交试验最优提取条件相比白藜芦醇的提取率提高了24．30％,有效地实现了花生根中白藜芦醇的最佳提取效果．     

Properties of Ozone-Oxidized Tapioca Starch and Its Use in Coating of Fried Peanuts

Oxidation of tapioca via ozone oxidation was carried out under different conditions in comparison with H₂O₂. The impact of ozonation on physicochemical properties of tapioca was studied and fried peanuts coated with different tapioca were characterized. Different ozone oxidation times (10, 20, and 30 min) and various pH values (5, 7, and 9) were used for tapioca modification. Tapioca oxidized by ozone for 20 min at pH 7 had higher swelling power (SP), water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and viscosity than the native counterpart (P < 0.05). This coincided with the higher carbonyl and carboxyl contents (P < 0.05). The highest frying expansion (FE) with the lowest hardness was attained for fried peanut coated with tapioca oxidized under the aforementioned condition. Therefore, oxidation of tapioca using ozone under optimal conditions could be a potential means to improve frying expansion as well as the crispiness of the fried coated peanuts.     

Antioxidant Assessment of Prenylated Stilbenoid-Rich Extracts from Elicited Hairy Root Cultures of Three Cultivars of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Peanut produces prenylated stilbenoids upon biotic stress. However, the role of these compounds against oxidative stress have not been thoroughly elucidated. To this end, the antioxidant capacity of extracts enriched in prenylated stilbenoids and derivatives was studied. To produce these extracts, hairy root cultures of peanut cultivars Hull, Tifrunner, and Georgia Green were co-treated with methyl jasmonate, cyclodextrin, hydrogen peroxide, and magnesium chloride and then the stilbenoids were extracted from the culture medium. Among the three cultivars, higher levels of the stilbenoid derivatives arachidin-1 and arachidin-6 were detected in cultivar Tifrunner. Upon reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl, extracts from cultivar Tifrunner showed the highest antioxidant capacity with an IC₅₀ of 6.004 µg/mL. Furthermore, these extracts had significantly higher antioxidant capacity at 6.25 µg/mL and 3.125 µg/mL when compared to extracts from cultivars Hull and Georgia Green. The stilbenoid-rich extracts from peanut hairy roots show high antioxidant capacity and merit further study as potential nutraceuticals to promote human health.