硫脲基螯合树脂的合成及其对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能

经预处理的花生壳颗粒(20～60目)与环氧氯丙烷接枝,引入活泼氯;活泼氯被硫脲取代后,成为硫脲基螯合树脂。最佳工艺条件;(1)合成醚化颗粒,反应时间为4h,反应温度为90℃;(2)取代引入硫脲基,反应温度及时间分别为90℃和2h。在溶液pH=5.4～5.8时,螯合树脂对Ag(I)的吸附容量为100mg/g。     

小麦／花生间作体系中根际有效铁含量及pH值的动态分布

采用土-液联合培养的根箱装置,探讨了石灰性土壤上间作小麦后的花生根际土壤铁动态分布,以及根际的pH值变化情况.结果显示:间作后的花生根际土壤的有效铁含量明显提高,从小麦根际到花生根际,不施碳酸钙的花生间作根际的pH值逐渐降低,施碳酸钙的间作花生根际的pH值并不降低.这表明石灰性土壤中花生根际有效铁含量的升高和pH值降低与间作小麦根系活动密切相关.     

Characterization of Peanut Protein Hydrolysate and Structural Identification of Umami-Enhancing Peptides

Umami peptides are naturally found in various foods and have been proven to be essential components contributing to food taste. Defatted peanut powder hydrolysate produced by a multiprotease (Flavorzyme, Alcalase, and Protamex) was found to elicit an umami taste and umami-enhancing effect. The taste profiles, hydrolysis efficiency, amino acids, molecular weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and separation fractions obtained by ultrafiltration were evaluated. The results showed that peanut protein was extensively hydrolyzed to give mainly (up to 96.84%) free amino acids and peptides with low molecular weights (<1000 Da). Furthermore, β-sheets were the major secondary structure. Fractions of 1–3000 Da and <1000 Da prominently contributed to the umami taste and umami enhancement. To obtain umami-enhancing peptides, these two fractions were further purified by gel filtration chromatography, followed by sensory evaluation. These peptides were identified as ADSYRLP, DPLKY, EAFRVL, EFHNR, and SDLYVR by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and had estimated thresholds of 0.107, 0.164, 0.134, 0.148, and 0.132 mmol/L, respectively. According to the results of this work, defatted peanut powder hydrolysate had an umami taste and umami-enhancing effect, and is a potential excellent umami peptide precursor material for the food industry.     

炭化花生壳与活性碳纤维对Cd~(2+)的吸附研究

采用ICP-OES检测技术,研究了以吸附剂投加量、吸附液pH和Cd~(2+)初始浓度等作为影响因素,炭化花生壳和活性碳纤维对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能。研究结果显示,在炭化温度为500℃,pH为6,投加量为0.2g时,炭化花生壳吸附Cd~(2+)的去除率达到99.88%;活性碳纤维投加量为0.4g时去除率最大为79.05%;表明炭化花生壳对Cd~(2+)的吸附效果更好。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型及Freundlich模型,说明对Cd~(2+)的吸附中既有单分子层吸附又存在交换吸附。研究对实际应用中选择合适的Cd~(2+)吸附剂具有指导意义。     

多效唑(PP333)对花生叶片衰老的影响

用多效唑（PP333）喷洒盛花末期的花生叶片,能显著提高超氧物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）的活怀,降低活性氧产生速率,减少脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA0的含量,增加叶绿素及可溶性蛋白质含量,促进光合效率,结果表明,多效唑参与活性氧的代谢调节,双保护膜结构的完整性、延缓叶片衰老,提高花生产量起到积极作用。     

花生体细胞胚和丛生芽的诱导及扩繁培养

以花生成熟胚培养成的无菌苗叶节为外植体 ,在高浓度 6-BA ( 3 0 mg/ L) MS培养基中 ,光强 2 0 0 0Lx,( 2 5± 3 )℃和 1 4 / 1 0光暗比条件下培养 ,50天后全部诱导分化出整齐一致的丛生芽 ,每个外植体平均产生 8.2 5个丛生芽 ;切下带少许丛生芽的组织块转入含 6-BA ( 3 0 mg/ L) ,LH ( 40 0 mg/ L)和 YE ( 0 .0 1 % )的 MS培养基中 ,可诱导出新的丛生芽 ,诱导率达 98.70 % ,平均出芽 1 3 .86个 .将花生成熟胚轴转接于含NAA ( 1 mg/ L)和 6-BA ( 3 mg/ L) MS培养基中 ,2 0～ 3 0天后 ,诱导出大量正常的体细胞胚 ,诱导率达 95.7% ,将胚切成小块转入含 2 ,4 -D ( 2 0 mg/ L) ,6-BA ( 3 mg/ L )和 LH ( 2 0 0 m g/ L) MS培养基中 ,经 1 5天培养 ,诱导出白色致密的胚性愈伤组织 .     

花生不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以成熟花生种子的上、下胚轴和叶片外植体为对象,在离体培养下,考察几种外植体再生能力的差异并对其作出对比分析.结果表明:上述外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织并能够进一步再生出幼苗,但不同外植体的再生能力有所差异,其再生能力大小依次为:上胚轴>叶片>下胚轴,培养基的差异对外植体愈伤组织诱导及再生起决定性作用,不同预培养时间对愈伤诱导及再生也有影响,总的来看是预培养时间短的外植体要好于预培养时间长的外植体.     

ICP-AES法对花生仁和黄豆中元素含量的比较研究

采用ICP-AES法对通辽地区产的花生仁和黄豆中Na、K、Mg、Ca、P、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Sn、AI和Si等元素的含量同时进行测定。回归方程的相关系数为0.9992-0.9998,相应各元素的检出限范围为0.25～97.03μg.L－1之间,回收率和相对标准偏差范围分别为97.04～108.60%之间,RSD为0.69～3.26%之间,该实验建立了简便、快速和稳定的测定花生仁和黄豆中元素含量的方法。结果显示在花生仁和黄豆中P含量非常高,黄豆中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Sn的含量较花生仁中的较高。     

钙镁磷肥不同用量对花生产量及培肥地力影响的研究

钙镁磷肥的不同用量对花生各生育阶段从土壤中吸收N、P、K营养元素的作用不同.幼苗期,茎叶P/NPK比值表明在0.054～0.064范围较好,茎叶中N、K的含量以1125kg/ha磷肥为好.成熟期,茎叶磷含量随施用量增加而增高.第四纪红土红壤通过花生的种植,土壤有机质,土壤氮素和土壤PH值都有提高,尤其土壤容重明显降低.