Cyclical games with prohibitions

We consider a certain combinatorial game on a digraph for two cases of the price function. For one case the game in question extends the cyclical game studied in Ehrenfeucht and Mycielski (1979) and Gurvitch, Karzanov and Khachiyan (1988) which, in its turn, is a generalization of the well-known problem of finding a minimum mean cycle in an edge-weighted digraph. We prove the existence of optimal uniform stationary strategies for both cases and give algorithms to find such strategies.This work was partially supported by Chaire municipale, Mairie de Grenoble.     

液相组合合成的纯化方法

综述了近8年来液相平行合成和组合合成中应用的不同技术, 包括可溶性载体、氟合成技术、离子液体、固相试剂树脂以及低聚乙烯二醇(OEG)衍生物的应用等几方面内容. 论述了它们的基本原理以及相关的应用实例, 并着重强调了目标化合物的分离纯化方法.     

Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the key to unlock treasures of Chinese civilization. TCM and its compound play a beneficial role in medical activities to cure diseases, especially in major public health events such as novel coronavirus epidemics across the globe. The chemical composition in Chinese medicine formula is complex and diverse, but their effective substances resemble “mystery boxes”. Revealing their active ingredients and their mechanisms of action has become focal point and difficulty of research for herbalists. Although the existing research methods are numerous and constantly updated iteratively, there is remain a lack of prospective reviews. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive account of existing new approaches and technologies based on previous studies with an in vitro to in vivo perspective. In addition, the bottlenecks of studies on Chinese medicine formula effective substances are also revealed. Especially, we look ahead to new perspectives, technologies and applications for its future development. This work reviews based on new perspectives to open horizons for the future research. Consequently, herbal compounding pharmaceutical substances study should carry on the essence of TCM while pursuing innovations in the field.     

Solid-phase synthesis of lipidated peptides

A new flexible and efficient methodology for the solid-phase synthesis of lipidated peptides has been developed. The approach is based on the use of previously synthesized building blocks and overcomes the limitations of previously reported methods, since long doubly lipidated peptides can be synthesized by using this route. Furthermore, it was thus possible to prepare a large number of N- and H-Ras peptides bearing a wide range of reporter and/or linking groups--efficient tools for the investigation of biological processes. In terms of efficiency and flexibility this solid-phase method is superior to the solution-phase synthesis. It gives pure peptides in multimilligram amounts within a much shorter time and with superior overall yield.     

Designing a contaminated soil sampling strategy for human health risk assessment

Human health risk assessment is a site-based approach used to identify the potential health hazards which are induced by an old site contamination. For a proper evaluation of the daily doses of contaminants to which people will be exposed given the future occupation of the site, both a characterization and a quantification of soil pollution are needed. Such information can be provided by soil sampling. Thus the choice of the location, the number, depth and type of soil samples is very important and ought to follow a well-defined strategy. A review of contaminated site sampling practices in Europe and North America could not identify any completely formalized sampling strategy for human health risk assessment. On the contrary there are several approaches which can be roughly classified into two categories: a systematic sampling scheme over the whole site, on the one hand, and a sampling design driven by an initial knowledge of the contamination sources and fitted to the suspected pollution pattern, on the other. The first approach provides a complete coverage of the site but it may be rather expensive and entail useless sampling. The performance of the second depends on the quality of prior information. Actually both methods can be combined as explained hereafter. In view of the specificity of each site, the requirements of health risk assessment and the time and cost constraints, it seems difficult to work out a typical soil sampling strategy suitable for all sites. However, some recommendations can be made according to the site dimensions, the nature, degree and heterogeneity of contamination, and the (future) use of the site. The scientist should thus rely on a thorough examination of all available information (site history, geology and hydrogeology, soil properties, contaminants behaviour , etc.) to delimit contaminated areas as homogeneous as possible and then distribute the sampling points (e.g.using a sampling grid). They should also take the potential exposure paths into account in order to define the areas and soil strata to be sampled as a priority. Statistical and geostatistical tools can be helpful for formulating a sampling strategy as well as for interpreting the collected data. Received: 7 December 2001 Accepted: 24 February 2002     

苏州市道路绿化植物利用现状及调整对策

在调查苏州市主要道路绿化利用植物现状的基础上，统计分析道路绿化植物的种类、频度和多样性指数。根据植物的生长现状并结合道路绿化的要求，提出相应的发展对策。     

自主学习与外语教学

分析了自主学习的定义、自主学习受到普遍关的原因以及自主学习与英语教学中的“低效”问题,提出了在英语教学中培养学生自主学习能力的途径。     

论大学英语情感教学

情感因素对大学英语课堂教学氛围有很大的影响,积极的情感和良好的氛围将有助于课堂教学效果的提高。在论述情感教学理论依据的基础上,分析了焦虑、自尊心、动机和移情等情感因素,对大学英语课堂教学的影响及教学策略,并对优化情感教学提出了四条建议。     

基于"体验经济"理念的旅游发展战略研究

旅游业已成为众多地区经济发展的重要依托，而体验经济时代的来临，赋予了旅游业新的内涵与机遇。在分析了“体验经济”的内涵及其与旅游的关系的基础上，从旅游发展现状综合评价、旅游发展总体目标的制定、旅游资源的整合和旅游市场的开拓四个方面探讨了基于“体验经济”理念的旅游发展战略的制定。     

建筑与景观的形态整合:新的策略

针对建筑与景观的形态整合探讨了近年来出现的新策略,分析了这些新策略的背景、发展、特征与例证.景观的场域性关注于整体景观的深层结构,其中建筑的形态来自于多重控制系统的复合叠加.对地表的操作主要来自于大地艺术的影响,其中包含着屋顶/地表的互逆.原型形态基于集体无意识而具有丰富的象征意义,表达了人工与自然的对比与张力.这些新的策略促进了当代建筑形态的多元化发展,并提示走向建筑学、城市规划学和景观营造学的三位一体.