基于聚合物给体/有机小分子/富勒烯受体的三元共混有机太阳能电池

成功构筑了基于聚合物给体P3HT/有机小分子TT-TTPA/富勒烯受体PC₆₁BM的三元共混有机太阳能电池. 共轭有机小分子TT-TTPA与PC₆₁BM有很好的相容性, 相分离很小. 溶剂退火和热退火时, 含量相对较少的TT-TTPA容易从P3HT相中脱离出来进入PC₆₁BM相, 增加P3HT的结晶空间, 从而提高P3HT的结晶度和相纯度. 通过引入少量的第三组分TT-TTPA, 制备的三元共混有机太阳能电池获得了4.41%的能量转换效率, 相对于P3HT/PC₆₁BM二元共混体系的效率(3.85%)提高显著.     

我国大气颗粒物中有机物分布及来源

分析了近10年来大气颗粒物中的正构烷烃、芳香烃分布特征及来源，综述了研究中所采用的分析方法、污染源识别方法以及相应的研究结果，提出了分析以及污染识别整体过程中存在的问题，指出这些问题还需要做进一步的研究。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素。讨论了镉基体的谱线干扰,比较了镉基体产生的多原子离子的干扰程度,该干扰按ＣｄＨ、ＣｄＯ、ＣｄＯ２ 、ＣｄＡｒ、ＣｄＯＨ和ＣｄＯＨ２ 顺序递减。研究了不同浓度镉基体对分析物信号的抑制或增强效应,镉的浓度大于０．２５ｇ·Ｌ－ １ 时,对质量数小于１００的分析物的信号强度产生抑制,而对质量数大于１５０ 的分析物的信号强度产生增强,采用８９Ｙ和２０９ Ｂｉ作内标分别克服基体的抑制和增强效应。测定了高纯镉的Ａｓ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ、Ａｕ、Ｔｌ、Ｔｈ、Ｖ 和Ｕ 等１６ 个杂质元素,方法的检测限０．００５～０．０５２ μｇ·Ｌ－ １ ,标准加入回收率８２％ ～１０８％ 。     

粒状材料中水力劈裂的认识

水力劈裂在岩土工程、环境工程和石油工程中已得到很好地应用,但另一方面又会造成大坝渗漏破坏、浆液流失以及石油行业中经常遇到的浅水流动等严重后果。连续固体材料（如岩石）中的水力劈裂理论是建立在抗拉强度基础之上,对此,国内外的研究已经比较深入。而对于粒状材料中的研究尚处于起步阶段,仅有少数的试验和数值研究。本文综述了粒状材料中水力劈裂室内试验、现场试验、解析分析和数值模拟的研究成果,分析了当前研究中对这一现象认识的不足,并对今后可能的研究方向进行了预测。     

大气颗粒物中重金属的形态分析与迁移

采用连续化学浸提萃取法,研究了广州市白云区大气颗粒物(TSP)样品在模拟酸雨和湖水条件下重金属元素Cu、Pb和Zn的形态迁移和变化．结果表明：大气颗粒物中Cu、Pb和Zn的总含量在模拟酸雨浸泡后大幅降低,但Cu和Pb的可交换态的量略有增加,Zn主要以残渣态存在;大气颗粒物经湖水浸泡后,Cu和Pb的总含量基本不变,Cu由残渣态向铁锰氧化物结合态及有机物结合态转化,Pb由可交换态转化为其他形态,Zn大部分以溶解态转移到湖水中．     

上海大气可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征研究

采用气质联用技术(GC／MS)对上海市大气颗粒物中美国EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃进行定量研究．结果显示,冬季PAHs浓度最高,夏季浓度最低;绝大多数的PAHs存在于0．43～2．1μm的粒径范围内;在粒径分布上,三环、四环、五环的PAHs基本上呈单峰分布,在0．43-1．1μm时达到浓度最高值．     

Analysis and study of the distribution of polar and non-polar pesticides in wastewater effluents from modern and conventional treatments

The analysis of a wide range of pesticides in wastewaters (WWs) undergoing different treatments (both modern and conventional) has been studied. The need for optimizing specific extraction methods for each WW effluent based on their physico-chemical characteristics has been considered. A distribution study was performed to establish if the filtration step before extraction is a correct procedure since pesticides can be more prone to be in the aqueous or the solid phase, depending on their hydrophobicity. This evaluation demonstrated that pesticides are distributed between the aqueous phase and the suspended particulate matter (SPM; e.g. pyrethroids are only found in the SPM). The proposed methodologies involved the determination of 39 polar and 139 non-polar pesticides using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction of the aqueous phase and the SPM, respectively. Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS) were used in the determination stage. WW samples from four different technologies were evaluated: membrane bioreactor, extended aeration, maturation pond and anaerobic pond. Validation data for the four effluents studied were generated, obtaining adequate precision values (estimated as % relative standard deviation, RSD) in almost all cases (<25%). The methods showed limits of detection at 0.01-0.20μgL(-1) and limits of quantification from 0.02 to 0.50μgL(-1). The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of real samples collected from an experimental WW treatment plant, detecting non-polar and polar pesticides at concentrations in the range 0.02-1.94μgL(-1) and 0.02-0.33μgL(-1), respectively.     

在线柱分离ICP-MS测定高纯Eu2O3中Tm

报道了一种在线柱分离ICP－MS快速测定高纯氧化铕中杂质铥的方法，采用一种新型膦酸类萃取剂，大大降低了林洗酸度，洗脱液中的Tm直接进入ICP－MS进行在线测定。整个分离测定周期为40min，方法检出限为0．12ng/mL，加示加收率为91．5％－98％，RSD为4．1％，该方法快速，简便。用于高纯氧化铕中杂质铥的测定，结果满意。     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.