我的几点意见——评论“关于狭义相对论的本质”一文

评论了“关于狭义相对论的本质”一文,实际上仍使用了狭义相对论的两个基本假设。     

Cadmium colloids from non-aqueous solvents

Cadmium colloids have been prepared by Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD). The metal is evaporated to yield atoms which are solvated at liquid nitrogen temperature, and upon warming, stable liquid colloids are formed with particle size ranging between 25–100 Å. Zeta potentials were calculated according to the conversion of Hunter and the Hückel equation, for ethanol and dimethyl sulphoxide. UV/VIS measurement of most of the black colloids showed absorption band around 280 nm. For comparison, we prepared CdS colloid with size 400–625 Å. The colloids are stable to oxidation in air and/or oxygen bubbling. The synthesis of colloids and films from Cd with acetone, 2-butanone, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, DMF and DMSO is reported. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) allows us to determine particle size.     

Operation of the quasi-optical gyrotron at harmonics of the gyrofrequency

This paper investigates the performance of a quasioptical gyrotron, when the electron beam interacts with the radiation fields at harmonics of the gyrofrequency. The nonlinear equations of motion are obtained in the slow-timescale. The expression for the linear gain is derived and the conditions for excitation are given (frequency threshold, optimal operating point, bean current and resonator quality thresholds). In the nonlinear regime, it is shown that maximum efficiencies comparable to those at the fundemental (50%) are possible, albeit at a prohitively high radiation field amplitude, while realistically feasible field amplitudes can give somewhat smaller, but nevertheless still high efficiencies (15%). Finally, the results are suplemented by empirical scaling laws, useful for experimental designs.     

ToF‐SIMS observation of PTFE surfaces modified by α‐particle irradiation

The surface structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) upon α‐particle irradiation has been investigated at doses in the range of 1 × 10⁷ to 1 × 10¹¹ Rad and compared with the surface structure of the unirradiated polymer. Both neat and 25% fiberglass content PTFE were studied. The samples, maintained at nominal room temperature, were irradiated in vacuum by 5.5 MeV ⁴He²⁺ ions generated in a tandem accelerator beam line. Static time‐of‐flight SIMS (ToF‐SIMS) was employed to probe chemical changes at the surface as a function of the irradiation level. In general, the data are indicative of increased cross‐linking at α‐doses less than 1 × 10⁹ Rad, followed by increased fragmentation and unsaturation at α‐doses greater than 1 × 10⁹ Rad. Throughout the irradiation regime, scission is a constant factor promoting cross‐linking, branching, and unsaturation. However, at α‐doses greater than 1 × 10¹⁰ Rad, extreme structural degradation of the polymer becomes evident and is accompanied by conversion to oxygen‐functionalized and aliphatic compounds. Thus, for PTFE in an α‐particle field, an upper exposure limit of ～10¹⁰ Rad is essential for nominal retention of molecular structure. Finally, a quantitative relationship between α‐dose and characteristic fragment ion intensity is developed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

片状化石燃料的循环流化床燃烧(Ⅰ)--片状颗粒的形貌描述和流态化阻力特征描述

比较了不同球形度概念对片状化石燃料的描述效果,研究了片状化石燃料球形度变化对其流态化特征的影响.分析了Krumbein球形度为0.1～0.4的京西无烟煤在一台50MW循环流化床锅炉上表现出来的特殊现象,如运行床温和炉膛压力大幅度波动、依靠排放冷渣保持稳定运行,揭示了这些现象发生的原因.     

WO3粉在高速层间剪切条件下的颗粒破碎特征

研究了WO3粉和W粉的剪切破碎时间对WO3粉和W粉的沉降曲线、平均粒度、BET比表面及松装密度的影响.用TEM和SEM对剪切破碎前后的粉末进行了直接观察.结果表明:新型剪切破碎机能有效地粉碎微米级WO3等脆性粉末,同时可以破坏超细W粉中的桥接团粒,使W粉和WO3粉的松装密度增加1倍以上,但对比表面积影响不大.     

前向多翼离心风机叶片尾迹和蜗壳二次流动的试验研究

对前向多翼式离心风机建立了性能及流场测试台位 性能试验及流场测试表明,性能试验重复性良好,曲线符合理论性能曲线.用粒子图像速度场仪技术对叶片尾迹区及蜗壳出口横截面上的二次流做了详细的变工况测量与分析.结果表明:叶片尾迹区脉动强度达20%～70%;在设计工况附近叶片尾迹影响区域小,在非设计工况下叶片尾迹影响区域大,尾迹区域占到蜗壳径向宽度的15%～25%,约是叶片弦高的2～3倍;在蜗壳横截面上明显存在二次流旋涡;沿着蜗壳旋出方向二次流对称分布,但是到达出口时,小流量下两侧旋涡结合成一个旋涡,大流量下两侧旋涡一直保持到蜗壳出口.     

纳米磁性颗粒小点阵体系的动力学响应

通过数值解Landau Lifshitz Gilbert(LLG)方程,来研究一个具有垂直各向异性的N×N平方点阵结构的单畴铁磁颗粒体系的动力学响应.由于磁性颗粒间的偶极相互作用,我们发现存在三种不同的典型磁矩构形分布.这些构形由磁晶各向异性和磁偶相互作用之间的竞争所决定.磁性粒子的点阵几何构形是影响磁矩翻转的重要因素,偶极相互作用的增强,引起不同位置的颗粒磁矩发生先后顺序的翻转.当初态所有颗粒磁矩都平行于 z方向,且颗粒间的偶极相互作用不足以使磁矩发生耦合翻转,反转某个磁矩所需的最小翻转场将比反转单个(即无偶极相互作用)磁矩时所需的最小翻转场小得多.该种效应随着颗粒间距的增加,将明显地减弱,最小翻转场很快地增加且趋于反转单个磁矩时所需的最小翻转场.当所有颗粒磁矩处于各种不同初态时,弱偶极相互作用加宽了翻转场的取值范围.     

开放性尘源粉尘运动轨迹的数值计算

在对粉尘颗粒在大气中受力状况进行分析的基础上 ,采用颗粒随机轨道模型对尘源表面的粉尘在大气中的运动轨迹进行了数值计算 ,再现了野外现场观测的现象 ,从而证明了数值计算的可靠性 .利用ParticleSourceinCell算法 ,计算了由开放性粉尘造成的大气含尘质量分数 ,为定量预测露天矿粉堆料对环境造成的污染提供了依据 .     

光线对高速运动粒子的一种效应

通过对物理模型的讨论,对垂直光线高速运动的中性粒子所受光压进行分析,得出当粒子速度增高时,其所受光压也增高的结论.