全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1922篇 |
免费 | 144篇 |
国内免费 | 128篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 730篇 |
晶体学 | 36篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 17篇 |
物理学 | 1037篇 |
综合类 | 364篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 49篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 162篇 |
2012年 | 111篇 |
2011年 | 125篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 105篇 |
2008年 | 93篇 |
2007年 | 117篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 93篇 |
2004年 | 73篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 66篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 55篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2194条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
P. Pellegrino B. Garrido C. García R. Ferr J. A. Moreno J. R. Morante 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2003,16(3-4):424
The ability of surface passivation to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) emission of Si nanocrystals in SiO2 has been investigated. Silicon precipitation in implanted samples takes place in a time scale of few minutes at 1100°C. For longer annealing at the same temperature, the PL intensity of the Si nanocrystals increases and eventually reaches saturation, while it correlates inversely with the amount of Si dangling bonds at the Si–SiO2 interface (Pb centers), as measured by electron spin resonance. This combined behavior is independent on the silica matrix properties, implantation profiles and annealing atmosphere and duration. The observation that the light emission enhancement is directly related to the annealing of Pb centers is confirmed by treatment in forming gas. This mild hydrogenation at much lower temperature (450°C) leads to a complete passivation of the Pb defects, increasing at the same time the PL yield and the lifetime. 相似文献
12.
Resistivity and low field ac susceptibility measurements are made on R: 123 superconducting samples with different rare earth elements R. The order parameter dimensionality OPD is deduced from resistivity versus temperature plot using the Aslamazov and Larkin expression, while the analysis of the temperature dependence of ac susceptibility is done employing Beans’ critical state model and with the help of the Ravi expression. With increasing R, the critical temperatures Tc are nearly kept constant (∼90 K), while the crossover temperatures To are shifted to lower values. Moreover, the superconducting order parameter OPD is shifted toward 2D behavior. On the other hand, the values of superconducting volume fraction fg decrease with increasing ac field amplitude Hm for all samples and it is higher in Er: 123 sample than in Nd: 123 sample. Although the values of critical current density Jc at the peak temperature Tm are nearly unchanged with increasing R, the values of Jc(T), at T<Tm and T>Tm, are found to be dependent on the chosen R. The correlation between the above calculated parameters against R is also mentioned. 相似文献
13.
Unconventional antiferromagnetic correlations of the doped Haldane gapsystem Y 2 BaNi 1 - x Zn x O 5
V. Villar R. Mélin C. Paulsen J. Souletie E. Janod C. Payen 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,25(1):39-51
We make a new proposal to describe the very low temperature susceptibility of the doped Haldane gap compound Y2BaNi1-xZnxO5. We propose a new mean field model relevant for this compound. The ground state of this mean field model is unconventional
because antiferromagnetism coexists with random dimers. We present new susceptibility experiments at very low temperature.
We obtain a Curie-Weiss susceptibility χ(
T
) ∼
C
/(Θ +
T
) as expected for antiferromagnetic correlations but we do not obtain a direct signature of antiferromagnetic long range order.
We explain how to obtain the “impurity” susceptibility
(
T
) by subtracting the Haldane gap contribution to the total susceptibility. In the temperature range [1 K, 300 K] the experimental
data are well fitted by T
(
T
) =
C
imp
1 +
T
imp
/
T
. In the temperature range [100 mK, 1 K] the experimental data are well fitted by T
(
T
) =
A
ln(
T
/
T
c
), where T
c
increases with x. This fit suggests the existence of a finite Néel temperature which is however too small to be probed directly in our experiments.
We also obtain a maximum in the temperature dependence of the ac-susceptibility
(
T
) which suggests the existence of antiferromagnetic correlations at very low temperature.
Received 17 July 2001 相似文献
14.
Ph. Choquard B. Piller R. Rentsch P. Vieillefosse 《Journal of statistical physics》1989,55(5-6):1185-1262
We report analytical and numerical studies of surface correlations in finite, homogeneously polarizable, classical Coulomb systems placed in an insulating or conducting environment. Their purpose is to understand the phenomenological, shape-dependent laws of electrostatics, from the point of view of statistical mechanics; we focus on the knowledge of the dielectric susceptibility of the system, a quantity proportional to the equilibrium fluctuation of the system's instantaneous polarization per unit volume. This goal has been achieved for a system in a conducting state. The picture is that the shape-dependent part of the susceptibilities results from the action of unbounded observables (the second moments of the instantaneous polarization of the system) on long-range surface correlations and that the relations of electrostatics are verified by means of shape-dependent thermodynamic limits. This picture is supported (i) by exact solutions and asymptotic analysis of the Debye-Hückel approximation of multicomponent plasmas in disks and spheres with insulating and conducting environment and also in ellipses in a vacuum, and (ii) by computer simulations of a one-component plasma in a disk with different environments, notably a conducting environment with permeable and impermeable wall. These observations have revealed for the first time the reason why the susceptibility of a conducting disk in a conductor with impermeable walls diverges linearly with the radius of the disk: this is due to the occurrence of long-range radial correlations in the conductor. These findings are quantitatively interpreted in terms of a novel canonical Debye-Huckel approximation as contrasted to the ordinary grand canonical version. Lastly a fresh look at the problem of the surface correlations of a conductor in a vacuum, which places the observer close to the surface of the conductor but in the vacuum, is presented and applied to the disk, the ellipse, the cylinder, the sphere, and the wedge. 相似文献
15.
研究了阿富汗青金石矿石、敦煌石窟青金石颜料、合成群青的呈色机理。实验表明三者均有g=2.029峰,前两者多一个g=2.047峰,400℃时,g=2.047峰变平,600℃时消失。g=2.029峰随温度升高而增强,800℃时增强放慢,颜色也随温度变深。在M0O3/SiO2和M0O3/Al2O3表面上,S2^-的EPR有g1=2.047,g2=2.208,g3=1.998三个分量。因此,群青、青金石和 相似文献
16.
对电子自旋1/2≤S<3.5,核自旋1/2≤I<4.5和配体少于10个的顺磁体系的多晶EPR谱的拟合进行研究。在VAX-11/785计算机上用FORTRAN语言建立EPR谱模拟程序包,计算了多个例子,获得较为满意的结果。 相似文献
17.
The molecular orientation distribution function of a stable radical 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl in magnetic-field oriented 4-cyano-4’-n-pentylbiphenyl was determined from the angular dependence of the ESR spectra. The preferred molecular orientation of radical species in the liquid crystal matrix was determined. The temperature evolution of the orientation distribution function was studied.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 190–195, January, 2005. 相似文献
18.
Complex systems of paramagnetic centres existing in demineralised flame coal (71.4 wt% C), medium-rank coal (85.6 wt% C) and
anthracite (94.9 wt% C) were analysed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Different groups of paramagnetic
centres were searched in macerals (exinite, vitrinite, inertinite) of coals with carbon contents of 73.8 wt% C and 85.6 wt%
C. Experimental EPR spectra were fitted by different superposition of theoretical lines. Total concentration of paramagnetic
centres both in coal and macerals increases with carbon content in the sample. Total concentration of paramagnetic centres
in macerals increases from exinite to inertinite. Four groups of paramagnetic centres were found in medium-rank coal, and
only two groups exist in flame coal and anthracite. The EPR spectrum of medium-rank coal is a superposition of two broad and
two narrow lines. Both broad and narrow, and two narrow lines were measured in EPR spectra of flame coal and anthracite, respectively.
Two types of paramagnetic centres with broad lines and one group with narrow lines exist in exinite and vitrinite from medium-rank
coal. Two narrow components were observed in EPR spectra of its inertinite. Two different broad electron paramagnetic resonance
signals were detected for macerals from low-coalificated coal. Paramagnetic centres systems of medium-rank coal samples reveal
the most complex character. Broad EPR lines were not observed for the higher coalificated samples, i.e., anthracite and inertinite
from medium-rank coal. Narrow lines do not occur in EPR spectra of low-coalificated macerals. Strong dipolar interactions
and fast spin-lattice relaxation processes are characteristic for paramagnetic centres with broad lines. Strong exchange interactions
and short spin-lattice relaxation time were measured for paramagnetic centres with the narrowest EPR signals. 相似文献
19.
R. Demchyna J. P. F. Jemetio Yu. Prots Th. Doert L. G. Akselrud W. Schnelle Yu. Kuz'ma Yu. Grin 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2004,630(5):635-641
Single crystals of CeAgAs2 have been obtained by chemical transport reactions starting from a pre‐reacted powder sample. The crystal structure was solved using X‐ray diffraction (space group Pmca, No. 57, a = 5.7586(4) Å, b = 5.7852(4) Å, c = 21.066(3) Å, Z = 8) and refined to a residual of R(F) = 0.029 for 46 refined parameters and 1020 reflections. The structure of CeAgAs2 represents a new distorted and ordered variant of the HfCuSi2 type. The characteristic feature of this structure are infinite cis‐trans chains of As atoms with As—As distances of 2.563(1) Å and 2.601(1) Å. CeAgAs2 is paramagnetic (μeff = 2.37 μB, θ = —10.5(2) K), with antiferromagnetic ordering at 5.5(2) K and exhibits a metamagnetic transition starting at 4.6 kOe and T = 1.8 K. 相似文献
20.
A study was carried out to determine if rotational correlation time of spin-labeled hen egg lysozyme (HEL) interacting with ultrafiltration membranes could be used to infer protein-membrane interaction. Polysulfone and cellulosic membranes, which have notably different adsorption properties, and membranes with varying pore sizes were used in this study. Based on this study, it was determined that the rotational correlation time does reflect variations in protein adsorption and pore plugging on membranes. The rotational correlation times for the highly adsorbent polysulfone (2.82 × 10−8 s) were significantly higher than those obtained from proteins on cellulosic membranes (0.62 × 10−8 s) and from those in solution (0.17 × 10−8 s). Rotational correlation time was also increased due to steric hindrance associated with pore plugging, although it was not as significant as the adsorption effect. This study indicates that the rotational time constant can be used to infer the type of protein-membrane interaction. 相似文献