煤自燃性测试技术及数值分析

利用装煤量850kg的XK型煤自然发火实验台,真实地模拟了煤的自燃过程,根据实验测定的温度场和气体浓度场变化,结合流体力学和传热学理论,推算出不同温度时煤氧复合的耗氧速度,放热强度,为煤自燃性的定量分析及自然发火预测提供理论依据,并根据煤自身的氧化放热性能及其所处的蓄热环境,应用热平衡法推导出煤自燃极限参数的计算方法,为煤自燃预测及防治提供了量化的理论判据。     

姚桥矿煤最短自然发火期实验和数值分析

针对目前煤炭自然的严重情况，利用大型煤低温自然发火实验台，对煤自然特性参数进行了测定和计算，确定了煤的自然发火期、临界温度、气体产生率、放热强度和极限参数，为煤自然过程的研究和煤自然火灾的预测和防治打下了基础。实验中所得数据能够很好的满足现场要求，实验精度在90％以上。     

Investigation of novel zirconium based perovskite-type mixed conducting membranes for oxygen separation

A series of BaZr_0.2Co_0.8-xFe_xO_3-δ materials for oxygen separation were synthesized through a citric and EDTA acid combined complexing method, and their crystal structures, oxygen permeabilities, sintering and sealing abilities were investigated. The results showed that the cubic perovskite structure was formed for materials in the composition range investigated. Oxygen permeation flux and stability, as well as sintering and sealing abilities of the synthesized materials were increased or improved apparently due to the introduction of zirconium. For example, the oxygen permeation flux reached 0.8 mL/min·cm² when x = 0.2 or 0.3 at 950℃, and a stable time-related oxygen permeation flux was found for the BaZr_0.2Co_0.3Fe_0.5O_3-δ membrane at 800℃.     

A Stable,Soluble, and Crystalline Supramolecular System with a Triplet Ground State

A supramolecular complex was constructed by encapsulation of a ³O₂ molecule inside an open‐cage C₆₀ derivative. Its single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of the ³O₂ at the center of the fullerene cage. The CV measurements suggested that unprecedented dehydrogenation was promoted by the encapsulated ³O₂ after two‐electron reduction. The ESR measurements displayed the triplet character as well as the anisotropy of the ³O₂. Additionally, the SQUID measurements also demonstrated the paramagnetic behavior above 3 K without an antiferromagnetic transition. Upon photoirradiation with visible light, three phosphorescent bands at the NIR region were observed, arising from the exited ¹O₂ generated by self‐sensitization with the outer cage, whose lifetimes were not affected by the environments. These studies confirmed that the complex is a crystalline triplet system with incompatible “high spin density” but “small interspin interaction” properties.     

高温和高压对乙烷在氧气中爆炸极限影响的实验研究

获得高温、高压下可燃介质爆炸极限数值,对完善复杂工况下可燃介质燃爆安全理论、构建可燃介质爆炸防护技术提供支持。搭建了适用于开展高温、高压工况的20 L球形爆炸实验装置,测量了初始温度为20～270 ℃,初始压力为0.5～2.6 MPa下乙烷在氧气中的爆炸极限,分析温度、压力单因素对乙烷在氧气中的爆炸极限的影响以及温度和压力双因素的耦合影响。结果表明,随着初始压力和初始温度的提高,乙烷在氧气中的爆炸极限逐渐扩大。在温度小于140 ℃时,在高压和低压两种情况下,压力对乙烷爆炸上限的影响基本一致。在温度高于140 ℃时,压力的升高使乙烷爆炸上限升高,但其影响的效果逐渐减小。在初始压力小于1.6 MPa时,温度的升高使乙烷的爆炸上限升高,但其影响的效果变化很小。在压力大于1.6 MPa,温度高于140 ℃时,温度的升高使乙烷的爆炸上限升高,且其影响的效果逐渐增大。温度和压力的升高均使乙烷的爆炸下限降低,但其影响较小。初始温度和初始压力对乙烷在氧气中爆炸极限的耦合作用略小于两个因素作用的和,但大于单个因素的作用。通过拟合得到了C₂H₆/O₂爆炸极限随初始压力、初始温度变化的定量规律。

     

化学化工实验废水排放的监测分析与治理实践

以广西大学化学化工实验大楼排放的实验废水为例,对其水质进行为期半年的监测.监测结果表明:该水的有机物含量不高但排水量大;有代表性的重金属污染中,Hg的平均含量约为0.015 m g/L、C r平均含量低于0.1 m g/L,两者均低于《城市污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996).根据监测结果,提出采用厌氧生物滤池对实验废水进行初步处理,处理后的废水可直接排入市政管道,不会对环境造成不良的影响.     

固体氧化物电解质膜反应器中甲烷氧化偶合反应动力学

研究了固体氧化物电解质膜反应器 ( Ag| YSZ| Ag)中甲烷氧化偶合动力学和外加电流对反应结果的影响 ,提出了该反应系统中甲烷偶合反应网络。用幂指数拟合实验数据 ,得出甲烷总消耗速率、生成 C2 烃和深度氧化速率的动力学方程式 ,并估算了动力学参数。用固体电解质电势分析法监测了反应过程中 Ag催化剂电极表面氧活度 ,结果表明 ,反应室中气相氧与 Ag催化剂电极上的氧并未形成热力学平衡 ,氧的吸附速率小于或接近催化剂电极上氧消耗速率。本实验条件下 ,外加电流 (电压 )并未显著影响甲烷的氧化偶合反应     

Pressure-sensitive paint in aerodynamic testing

Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a relatively new aerodynamic measurement tool with the unique capability of providing a field measurement of pressure over a test surface. An introductory review of this technology is presented, which is confined to the application of the PSP method to aircraft development wind tunnel testing. This is at present the primary application area and thus the focus of research on the use of the method, and is the authors' own area of research. Described are PSP fundamentals, the various elements comprising PSP technology, and current limitations and considerations in applying this technology. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the present capability of the method. The few publications currently available on this subject in the open literature are also referenced.     

低地球轨道环境中原子氧对空间润滑油的影响

选择硅油(CPSO)、全氟聚醚油(Fomblin Z25)和硅碳氢油(SiCH)3种典型的空间用润滑油,进行地面模拟原子氧暴露试验,考察了原子氧对这3种润滑油的质量、外观、分子量以及摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:原子氧辐照会导致润滑油质量损失、产生固体不溶物并导致润滑油分子量增大和分子量分布变宽。同时摩擦试验发现,原子氧辐照后润滑油的摩擦系数变得不稳定,有突然增大的现象.3种润滑油原子氧暴露试验结果综合分析表明Fomblin Z25较容易受原子氧影响,CPSO次之,SiCH油表现最佳.