北京自由电子激光最近进展──实现饱和振荡

北京自由电子激光(BFEL)装置于1993年底在10.68μm处实现了饱和振荡.输出激光能量为3mJ,饱和平顶宽度2μs.对应饱和振荡平均功率为210kW(宏脉冲),峰值功率约为20MW,比自发辐射高8个量级,单程小讯号净增益为24%,转换效率为0.45%,与理论预期结果相符.光束质量接近衍射极限.目前装置可工作于9-11μm.     

Fluctuating hydrodynamics and principal oscillation pattern analysis

Principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis was recently introduced into climatology to analyze multivariate time series x_i(t) produced by systems whose dynamics are described by a linear Markov process x=Bx + . The matrixB gives the deterministic feedback and is a white noise vector with covariances (t) _j (t*Q _ij (t–t. The POP method is applied to data from a direct simulation Monte Carlo program. The system is a dilute gas with 50,000 particles in a Rayleigh-Bénard configuration. The POP analysis correctly reproduces the linearized Navier-Stokes equations (in the matrixB) and the stochastic fluxes (in the matrixQ) as given by Landau-Lifschitz fluctuating hydrodynamics. Using this method, we find the Landau-Lifschitz theory to be valid both in equilibrium and near the critical point of Rayleigh-Bénard convection.     

Gyrotron travelling wave amplifier: I. Analysis of oscillations

The operation of the gyrotron travelling wave amplifier is based on the convective cyclotron maser instability. It is found that this convective instability may become absolute (nonconvective) at a sufficiently high current level, resulting in oscillation instead of amplification. This threshold current for the transition depends sensitively on the applied magnetic field. The axial wavelength and the characteristic frequency of oscillation at the onset of absolute instability are given. It is found that momentum spread has virtually no effect on the threshold current. A small amount of resistive wall loss, however, raises the threshold current significantly. Oscillations due to partial reflection at the ends of the system are also examined. Preliminary experimental results on both types of oscillations are reported and are found to be in good agreement with the theory.     

光泵Ba/He系统582.8nm碰撞诱导荧光辐射及其弛豫振荡

观察到光泵Ba/He混合物产生的582.8nm碰撞诱导荧光新谱线及其弛豫振荡.进行理论分析和计算,结果与实验相符合.     

HgCdTe薄膜的输运特性及其应力调控

窄禁带直接带隙半导体材料碲镉汞(Hg1–xCdxTe)是一种在红外探测与自旋轨道耦合效应基础研究方面都具有重要应用意义的材料.本文对单晶生长的体材料Hg0.851Cd0.149Te进行阳极氧化以形成表面反型层,将样品粘贴在压电陶瓷上减薄后进行磁输运测试,在压电陶瓷未加电压时观察到了明显的SdH振荡效应.对填充因子与磁场倒数进行线性拟合,获得样品反型层二维电子气的载流子浓度为ns=1.25×10^16m^-2.在不同磁场下,利用压电陶瓷对样品进行应力调控,观测到具有不同特征的现象,分析应是样品中存在二维电子气与体材料两个导电通道.零磁场下体材料主导的电阻的变化应来源于应力导致的带隙的改变;而高场下产生类振荡现象的原因应为应力导致的二维电子气能级的分裂.     

Change of the short-range scattering in the graphene covered with Bi2O3 clusters

In this work, we have studied the oxidation process of the bismuth doped graphene in the ambient air. Complete oxidation of the bismuth clusters and that of the graphene are firmly confirmed. The influence of oxygen on the graphene is characterized by means of Hall measurement and SdH oscillation. All transport measurements demonstrate a hole-type doping behavior. Our work also demonstrates that the short-range scattering mechanism is enhanced in doped graphene due to accumulated O-species adsorbates after being exposed in the atmosphere for 40 days and is suppressed after annealing. This investigation may open a new perspective for fabricating the graphene metal oxide devices.     

Pattern dynamics in cellular perception

By using a giant amoeboid cell of the Physarum plasmodium, changes in the intracellular distribution of chemical components are studied in relation to information processing in cell behavior. Various kinds of metabolites oscillate, and so the protoplasm should be a collection of chemical oscillators. Spatially, characteristic chemical patterns are self-organized for different cell shapes, and hence cell behavior. New phase waves propagate throughout the cell upon local stimulation, their direction being opposite for attraction and repulsion. Locomotion is inhibited when the coherence of the oscillators breaks. Thus, pattern dynamics is correlated with information processing in the amoeboid cell.     

Fluid Simulation of a Cusped Field Thruster

The cusped field thruster is a kind of newly developed electric propulsion device. The electric field at the channel exit and the low frequency oscillation were measured by former experiments. While the formation mechanism of them have not been fully interpreted yet. Through studying two distinguishing typical electron paths in the thrusters, a fluid model is built up along two electron paths, and then the model is completed by synthetically analyzing the effect of two electron paths. Time‐averaged electric potential distribution, anode current oscillation curve and time‐synchronized atom density and ion density distribution are obtained by simulation. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Tomographic analysis of the central magnetohydrodynamic oscillations on the HT-7 tokamak

Multi-channel soft x-ray (SX) detectors are applied to generate images of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation on the HT-7 tokamak, and the data from SX cameras are analysed by using the Fourier--Bessel harmonic reconstruction method and the singular value decomposition. The image reconstruction of SX emissivity is obtained on the assumption of plasma rigid rotation. One of the important phenomena in the HT-7 discharge is the transition from the sawtooth oscillations to the MHD oscillations when the plasma density grows higher. The MHD structure observed in the SX tomography is featured as follows: the magnetic surface of MHD structure is made up of the crescent-shaped ``hot core' and the circular ``cold bubble'. The structure of the magnetic surface is relatively stable. It rotates in the direction of the electron diamagnetic drift at a frequency being the oscillation frequency of the MHD oscillations.     

Last Passage Time Statistics for Barrier-Crossing Processes

A concept of mean last passage time at the saddle point is proposed in order to compute both the lifetime and the escape rate of a particle in a metastable potential, where the backstreaming across the saddle point is taken into account. It is shown that the mean oscillating time around the saddle point is the longest one among all the time scales at high temperatures and the inverse of the mean last passage time at the saddle point is more close to the steady escape rate.