Design Strategies for High-Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries

Organic electroactive compounds are attractive to serve as the cathode materials of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their resource renewability, environmentally friendliness and structural diversity. Up to now, various organic electrode materials have been developed and different redox mechanisms are observed in aqueous Zn/organic battery systems. In this Minireview, we present the recent developments in the energy storage mechanisms and design of the organic electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, nitronyl nitroxides, organosulfur polymers and triphenylamine derivatives. Furthermore, we highlight the design strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in the aspects of specific capacity, output voltage, cycle life and rate capability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of aqueous Zn/organic batteries.     

不确定条件下不连续创新项目期权价值优化模型

为探讨不确定性对不连续创新项目期权价值及投资策略的影响,通过引入泊松跳跃过程模拟项目价值的不连续变化建立了不连续创新项目的期权价值优化模型,将技术、市场、组织与资源不确定性分别表示为项目产业化成功率、项目价值和投资成本的不确定性,然后具体解析了不连续变化的跳跃强度、跳跃幅度、跳跃幅度波动率等不确定性对不连续创新项目最优投资策略的影响以及不确定性与期权价值的关系,最后通过蒙特卡罗模拟检验了模型的有效性.模型将现有研究扩展到投资成本亦为不确定的情形,可为不连续创新项目投资和项目价值与风险评估提供决策参考.     

基于组合策略的印刷公式符号切分方法

对公式符号切分这一公式识将符号分离与符号合并策略相结合,提取公式符号的方法,对具有包含关系的符号进行分离操作,而对由多个连通部件构成的符号进行合并处理.实验表明,该方法能够较好地适应公式特点,具有较高的准确性.     

依赖时间参数下几何平均亚式期权的定价

文章讨论了标的资产有依赖时间的参数,即无风险利率r(t)、风险资产期望收益率μ(t)、波动率σ(t)和红利率q(t);在无风险中性定价情况下,首先利用等价鞅测度方法得到了几何平均亚式期权的定价公式,并得出了欧式期权;再利用概率方法得到了几何平均亚式期权的定价公式;比较2种方法所得的结果,可以发现两者在形式上有所不同,但实质上却是相同的。     

Black-Scholes模型在ESO会计处理中的应用

Black-Scholes模型是现代期权定价理论的核心,也是当前得到最普遍公认和应用的期权定价模型。因此以公允价值对股票期权进行会计处理,必然要求从会计角度对Black-Scholes模型加以应用。本文从Black-Scholes模型出发,讨论了模型在我国的适用性和对员工股票期权的适用性,从而进一步探讨了模型参数的确定。     

钴铁水滑石基材料在电催化析氧中的应用

析氧反应(OER)是电催化裂解水、二次金属-空气电池和可再生燃料电池等绿色可持续能源储存和转化技术中的关键步骤,但其较高的势垒和迟滞的动力学过程限制了反应的效率。因此,设计开发高效、稳定的非贵金属催化剂是新能源领域面临的挑战之一。钴铁水滑石(CoFe LDH)材料具有独特的二维层状结构、丰富多变的化学组成、高分散的金属阳离子、优异的稳定性和成本低廉等优点,在OER反应中有广泛的应用前景。但不良的导电性和有限的活性位点阻碍了CoFe LDH的工业化应用。本文首先介绍了CoFe LDH的结构并阐述了其OER反应机理,接着总结了CoFe LDH的制备工艺,并详细综述了近年来提升其OER性能的改性策略：插层剥离、空位制造、材料复合、离子取代和衍生物等。最后讨论了水滑石材料现阶段存在的问题和未来在能源转化和利用领域的发展方向。     

首中时在新型期权定价中的运用

当市场是完备时,任意衍生证券的现值等于该证券未来收益折现值在等价鞅测度下的数学期望．利用Laplace逆变换求得障碍是常数以及障碍随时间变化这两种情况下的股票价格首中时的密度函数,再根据首中时的性质、等价鞅测度变换,通过求期望,给出了固定执行价格的欧式回望期权和变界障碍时刻的欧式上升敲出看涨期权这两类新型期权的定价公式．其中,变界障碍时刻的欧式上升敲出看涨期权的定价公式具有较好的实用性．这种期权定价方法简单且直接,提供了定价新型期权的另一种途径．     

跳跃扩散型离散几何平均亚式期权的定价

在股票市场有重大信息公布时,股票价格会发生跳跃.在股票价格服从Ito-Skorohod跳跃扩散过程的条件下,运用概率论的方法研究离散几何平均亚式期权的定价,并得出其定价公式.     

Newly Emerging Strategies in Antiviral Drug Discovery: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on Occasion of His 80th Anniversary

Viral infections pose a persistent threat to human health. The relentless epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health problem, with millions of infections and fatalities so far. Traditional approaches such as random screening and optimization of lead compounds by organic synthesis have become extremely resource- and time-consuming. Various modern innovative methods or integrated paradigms are now being applied to drug discovery for significant resistance in order to simplify the drug process. This review provides an overview of newly emerging antiviral strategies, including proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), ribonuclease targeting chimera (RIBOTAC), targeted covalent inhibitors, topology-matching design and antiviral drug delivery system. This article is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq, an internationally renowned expert in the antiviral drug research field, on the occasion of his 80th anniversary.     

Recent advances in application of the graphene-based membrane for water purification

Graphene is an atomic layer thick carbon-based material with unique two-dimensional architecture and extraordinary physiochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Graphene and its derivatives show significant promises for the development of nanoporous ultrathin filtration membranes capable of molecular separation properties. Graphene-based nanofiltration membranes featuring distinct laminar structures can offer various novel mass-transport phenomena for purifying water, energy storage and separation, gas separation, and proton conductors. The latest developments in water purification techniques through graphene-based membranes including engineering, design, and fabrication of diverse graphene, graphene-oxide, and graphene-composite membranes are provided here in relation to their application paradigm for purifying water. The critical views on pollutant removal mechanisms for water purification along with optimization measures are specially highlighted. In addition, the challenges, shortcomings, and future prospects are pointed out. The green and large-scale synthesis technology of graphene coupling with advanced membrane fabrication techniques can promote these state-of-the-art nanofiltration membranes for a wide range of applications.