Cloned pigs derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vitro at low oxygen tension

Great progress have been made in animal cloning in China, as evidenced by the live births of cloned cat- tle[1,2], goats[3,4], and sheep[5]. In contrast, pig cloning is still in its infancy though limited fundamental studieshave been conducted[6]. It is g…     

中华绒螯蟹卵子发生中卵母细胞表面和滤泡细胞的超微结构

利用透射电镜技术观察了中华绒螯蟹卵子发生过程中卵母细胞表面和滤泡细胞超微结构的变化.结果显示:从卵原细胞期到卵黄大量合成时期,滤泡细胞逐渐向卵母细胞迁移,细胞膜向外伸出许多突起,胞质中的细胞器逐渐增多,它们与卵黄蛋白物质一同移入卵周隙.到卵黄合成晚期,滤泡细胞逐渐解体.与此同时卵母细胞表面在卵黄发生初期可见微胞饮小泡;卵黄大量发生期出现大量微绒毛;卵黄合成晚期,卵黄膜形成,卵黄膜上出现多条通道,这些结构为卵母细胞吸收来自滤泡细胞的卵黄蛋白物质提供了保障.     

Osmotic and aging effects in caviar oocytes throughout water and lipid changes assessed by 1H NMR T1 and T2 relaxation and MRI

By combining NMR relaxation spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, unsalted (us) and salted (s) caviar (Acipenser transmontanus) oocytes were characterized over a storage period of up to 90 days. The aging and the salting effects on the two major cell constituents, water and lipids, were separately assessed. T1 and T2 decays were interpreted by assuming a two-site exchange model. At Day 0, two water compartments that were not in fast exchange were identified by the T1 relaxation measurements on the us oocytes. In the s samples, T1 decay was monoexponential. During the time of storage, an increment of the free water amount was found for the us oocytes, ascribed to an increased metabolism. T1 and T2 of the s oocytes shortened as a consequence of the osmotic stress produced by salting. Selective images showed the presence of water endowed with different regional mobility that severely changed during the storage. Lipid T1 relaxation decays collected on us and s samples were found to be biexponential, and the T1 values lengthened during storage. In us and s oocytes, the increased lipid mobility with the storage was ascribed to lipolysis. Selective images of us samples showed lipids that were confined to the cytoplasm for up to 60 days of storage.     

小鼠不同类型孤雌激活卵的形成及其孤雌胚发育状况的研究

注射hCG18h后收集小鼠卵母细胞,采用不同试剂和作用不同时间对其进行激活,观察不同类型激活卵的形成情况及孤雌胚的发育状况,并对单倍体孤雌胚进行了核型分析。结果表明：1）几种激活方法均可得到均质单倍体、嵌合单倍体、1个原核（1PN）的杂合二倍体和2个原核（2PN）的杂合二倍体4种孤雌激活类型。乙醇及Srcl2单独激活后出现单倍体的比率较高;而乙醇联合6-DMAP以及Srcl2联合CB激活后出现二倍体的比率较高;2）10％的乙醇单独作用10min,卵母细胞激活率最高,达到63．3％;在激活卯的原核类型上,2-细胞（嵌合单倍体）的比率随着乙醇刺激强度的增加而增加,但乙醇单独激活后过二细胞阻滞率及桑葚胚的发育率较差;3）10％的乙醇处理5min后染色观察发现出现2细胞嵌合单倍体的比例较高,但接着用6-DMAP分别处理2、4、6h,跟踪观察发现杂合二倍体类型出现比率随时间延长而升高,处理6h后出现2PN杂合二倍体比率最高,且过二细胞阻滞率及桑葚胚的发育率也显著高于乙醇单独激活,但嵌合单倍体数量较不加6-DMAP时却减少;4）10％的乙醇、2mmol／L的6-DMAP联合5μg／mL的CB处理6h后,过二细胞阻滞率及桑葚胚的发育率与不加CB比较差异不显著;5）10mmol／L的Srcl2单独及联合CB分别作用2、4h均能有效激活小鼠卵母细胞,单独及联合CB作用4h的激活率最高,两者差异不显著;在激活卵的原核类型,Srcl2单独激活后出现单倍体类型的比率较高,而联合CB后出现二倍体的比率较高,且过二细胞阻滞率及桑葚胚的发育率与Srcl2单独作用相比差异显著;6）先Srcl2处理1h后染色观察发现形成均质单倍体的比例较高,但接着用CB分别处理1、2h,跟踪观察发现杂合二倍体类型出现比率大大提高,同时发现均质单倍体类型数目反而有所减少。结论：小鼠卵母细?     

卵细胞体外成熟(IVM)在小鼠生物净化中的应用

目的 在小鼠生物净化中,从超排后未排卵的卵巢,取卵泡内未成熟卵采用卵母细胞体外成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)使之在体外成熟并具备受精能力,以提高卵子利用率和作为常规促超排失败的一种补救措施。方法 在小鼠生物净化中,取注射PMSG和HCG后未排卵卵巢,在实体显微镜下划破卵泡挑选卵丘卵母细胞复合物(COCs),置于成熟液滴中在体外发育成熟。同时以注射PMSG和HCG后正常超排卵、只注射PMSG后取未成熟卵体外成熟和注射PMSG和HCG后取疑似成熟卵和裸卵体外成熟作为对照。经体外受精、体外胚胎发育后,将2-细胞胚移植到受体输卵管,使其在受体内发育成为成熟的个体。结果 注射PMSG和HCG后未排卵组(A组),卵细胞体外成熟率为87.0%±3.2%,二胞率为55.1%±12.3%,囊胚率为23.1%,移植41枚二细胞胚至2只受体鼠,出生5只幼崽,产仔率12.2%。只注射PMSG,48 h后取未成熟卵组(B组),体外成熟率为83.9%±3.9%,二胞率为51.8%±9.3%,囊胚率为38.5%±13.9%。注射PMSG和HCG正常超排组(C组),其二胞率为78.9%±0.6%,囊胚率为78.0%±3.8%。注射PMSG和HCG未排卵卵巢,取裸卵和疑似成熟卵(D组),体外成熟培养0 h,6 h和16～18 h,其成熟率、二胞率和囊胚率与其它三组相比均较低且有极显著性差异。A组和B组与正常对照C组相比,二胞率均有显著性差异,囊胚率均有极显著性差异。结论 卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)可以作为小鼠生物净化中促超排失败的一种补救措施,并且可以提高珍稀品系小鼠的卵子利用率。     

供卵与激素替代治疗卵巢早衰妊娠成功（附2例报告）

报道了２ 例卵巢功能早衰患者采用供卵与激素替代治疗,通过体外受精－ 胚胎移植成功地获得妊娠,并分娩存活新生儿３ 名．文中对卵巢早衰的诊治和受卵成功因素进行了讨论     

四氯化碳对雌性小鼠卵母细胞成熟和体外受精等影响

探讨了四氯化碳对小鼠生殖作用的影响.采用小鼠卵母细胞体外培养、体外受精的方法研究了四氯化碳对小鼠卵母细胞的成熟和体外受精的影响.结果表明:四氯化碳对小鼠脏器、超排卵的卵母细胞数量和卵母细胞生发泡破裂没有影响,但可以抑制卵母细胞第一极体的释放,影响卵母细胞的存活率并可降低体外受精率.四氯化碳可以破坏卵母细胞减数分裂进行,降低卵母细胞的受精能力,具有潜在的生殖毒性.     

中华蚱蜢卵子发生的观察

对中华蚱(Acrida chinensis)卵子发生过程进行了形态观察及描述．根据卵母细胞体积及核的变化、卵黄形成、滤泡细胞的形态变化等特征指标显示，可将卵子发生划分为八个阶段．第一阶段：卵母细胞位于原卵区，处于第一次减数分裂的前期．第二阶段：卵母细胞进入生长阶段，滤泡细胞零星地在其周围．第三阶段：卵母细胞体积变大，滤泡细胞呈单层均匀包围卵母细胞．第四阶段：进入卵黄形成准备期．第五阶段：卵黄形成开始．第六阶段：卵母细胞内充满卵黄，卵母细胞核膜消失．第七阶段：卵壳出现，滤泡细胞呈扁平状．第八阶段：卵子发育成熟．     

相关分子在哺乳动物原始卵泡启动和生长中的作用

本文综述了调控原始卵泡生长启动相关因子的最新进展,为进一步研究雌性生殖机制提供了理论依据;对拯救濒危物种甚至复活已灭绝的物种展示了光明的前景。     

Oscillatory change of SR-protein kinase activities during oocyte maturation meiosis in fish

The SR-protein kinase activity was analyzed and the cytological changes were observed during oocyte maturation in bisexual transparent color crucian carp ( Carassius auratus color variety). The results revealed that the SR-protein kinase activity was sensitive to the artificially induced spawning hormones, and the change of oscillatory activity was similar to that of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) kinase that regulates meiotic cell cycle in fish.