Interaction of chloroform with aniline, o-toluidine and N,N-dimethyl aniline

Heats of mixing aniline, o-toluidine, and N,N-dimethyl aniline with chloroform have been determined by an adiabatic calorimeter. The results have been examined for molecular interactions between them, and they indicate that aniline and o-toluidine are associated through hydrogen bonds. Enthalpy of bond formation in a 1:1 complex has also been determined.     

Neutron diffraction study of the electrochemical passivation of nickel powder

With the aid of the Yamaoka mechanism and a.c. polarographic observables, rate constants for the homogeneous reduction of Co(III)pentammine complexes by Eu(II) are measured. Where comparison is possible, rate parameters obtained by this electrochemical procedure are found to be in good agreement with previous measurements by stopped-flow and pulse radiolysis procedures, with one exception. The order of reactivity for the halopentammineCo(III) complexes is found to follow the sequence RF²⁺>RCl²⁺>RBr²⁺>RI²⁺, where R=Co(III)(NH₃)₅³⁺. This and a pH dependence noted for the RF²⁺ case are suggestive of a predominantly inner sphere reaction pathway.     

Effect of glutaraldehyde on the activity of some DNA restriction endonucleases

The effect of the bifunctional crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde on the activity of the restriction enzymes Bam HI,Hind III, EcoRI, and Tthlll I was investigated. The four enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to inactivation. Tthlll I was the most sensitive, with activity losses occurring at levels of 0.0025% and above.Hind III was the most stable of the four and remained fully active at concentrations as high as 0.075%. Addition of BSA to incubation mixtures generally had a stabilizing effect. Implications of these results for the design of glutaraldehyde-based methods for the immobilization of restriction endonucleases are discussed.     

Analytical properties of the amidooxime group. V. Thermometric study of 3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime

The thermometric behaviour of three amidooximes (3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime) is studied in order to evaluate the errors in their thermometric titration with HCl and the corresponding neutralization enthalpies from the analysis of the enthalpograms. The dissociation parameters (ΔG_i, ΔH_i and ΔS_i) of the three compounds at 25°C are evaluated from the pK_a values and neutralization enthalpies.     

Qualitative evaluation of aromatic herbs by direct headspace GC analysis. Applications of the method and comparison with the traditional analysis of essential oils

GC headspace analyses of various aromatizing herbs have been compared with those relating to the essential oils, obtained by steam distillation, of the same plants. In this way it was possible to establish the most significant differences between the composition of a herb flavor and that of its essential oil. In particular, we observed some very volatile compounds in the headspace samples which were absent from the essential oil; these components may make an important contribution to the herb flavor. The identification of these substances is still in progress.     

ESCA: Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis

A substance on which X-rays fall emits photoelectrons and Auger electrons. The energy spectra of the electrons emitted provide information about the electronic structure in the specimen, ranging from the innermost atomic levels and their dependence on the chemical environment to the molecular orbitals of the valence electrons and the band structure in solids. Electron spectra of this nature can now be recorded with high-resolution instruments; their analysis offers new aspects for investigation of chemical composition. The method of electron spectroscopy developed for this purpose, which has now been developed to a high degree of perfection, will be referred to in the following discussion as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis).     

Ab initio studies of the protonation of CO,N2 and NO+: Calculation of the minimum energy reaction paths

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations employing a 4-31G basis set have been used to study the minimum energy paths for the formation of HCO⁺, COH⁺, and HCOH²⁺ from CO by protonation. The protonation of N₂ to give NNH⁺ and HNNH²⁺ and of NO⁺ to form HNO²⁺ and NOH²⁺ have also been investigated. All species formed have linear equilibrium geometries and the minimum energy path for approach of the proton is along the line-of-centers of the heavy atoms. Energy barriers to the formation of the various species are given, where appropriate, and changes in geometry, ordering of molecular orbitals and orbital occupancy are discussed.     

谈谈企业全面业绩指标评价方法——平衡计分卡

分析了传统财务性业绩指标评价方法的缺陷，论述了非财务性业绩指标的几个方面，包括质量评价、交货效率评价、企业应变和创新能力评价、对雇员的评价、对售后服务的评价和对客户的评价等，并阐明了非财务性业绩指标评价方法的特点，进而认为将二者有机结合的平衡计分卡评价方法更具科学性和全面性，因而应是企业生产经营和管理的最优选择。     

完善中小企业信用体系建设的几点思考

中小企业在我国经济发展中占有重要的地位,但由于中小企业信用体系建设的滞后,发展正在遭遇瓶颈.针对中小企业信用问题产生的原因,既要提升中小企业的信用能力,从根本上完善中小企业的信用体系建设,又要全方位地综合治理,包括信用法制建设、失信惩戒机制的建立以及尽快形成人人诚实守信的社会信用文化和道德标准.     

农民外出务工对义务教育的影响

农民工收入的增加及观念的转变有利于义务教育的完全普及,同时,农民外出务工又带来了留守生和流动子女的教育问题;要解决农民外出务工对义务教育的负面影响,国家、政府及学校都要采取补救措施。