稀土对UV-B辐射伤害植物的影响: Ⅱ. Ce对UV-B胁迫下油菜幼苗保护酶系统影响

水培法研究了Ce对紫外辐射(UV-B, 280～320 nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗膜保护酶的影响. 实验表明, UV-B辐射(T1/0.15 W·m-2和T2/0.35 W·m-2)胁迫下, 油菜幼苗叶绿素含量减少, 质膜透性增大, SOD, CAT与POD酶活随时间进程先升后降(T1), 高剂量(T2)下POD持续升高, 3者响应UV-B辐射胁迫的敏感序列是SOD＞CAT＞POD. Ce对3种保护酶的调控作用, 减轻了UV-B辐射对其功能的损伤, 增强了保护酶清除自由基能力, 维持了质膜正常透性, 且对低剂量(T1)的防护效果优于高剂量(T2). 从而在防御系统层面实现了Ce对UV-B辐射伤害油菜幼苗的防护效应.     

某些硫代甲基膦酸酯类化合物的植物生长调节活性的研究

本文报道本所最近合成的某些硫代甲基膦酸酯类化合物的植物生长调节活性。合成的８个化合物中，７个化合物具有明显的植物生长调节活性：１０ｐｐｍ处理后均明显促进黄瓜子叶扩张，１００ｐｐｍ处理后明显抑制小麦胚芽鞘伸长。本文以Ｓ－乙基Ｏ－（２－氯－４－溴苯基）甲基膦酸酯（下文称２号化合物）为代表重点报道其对黄瓜子叶扩张，叶绿素含量的促进作用及对油菜下胚轴伸长的抑制作用。     

微波对菜籽油部份理化卫生指标影响的研究

对菜籽油在微波处理下的部份理化卫生指标变化进行了研究，结果指出：菜籽油的羰基值、过氧化值、丙二醛、酸值随微波处理时间延长而升高，其质量趋于下降．     

信阳油菜农业气候资源与产量形成的关系研究

通过对信阳市近8年油菜生长发育期间的农业气候资源及其与产量形成之间的关系进行分析研究,发现信阳市的气候条件是适合油菜生产的.     

Magnetic Field Treatments Improves Sunflower Yield by Inducing Physiological and Biochemical Modulations in Seeds

Magnetic seed enhancement has been practicing as a promising tool to improve germination and seedling growth of low vigor seeds stored under suboptimal conditions, but there is still ambiguity regarding the prospects for magnetism in oilseeds. Present study elucidates the potential of magnetic seed stimulation to improve sunflower germination, growth and yield. Germination and emergence tests were performed to optimize the strength of the magnetic field to sunflower seed enhancement. The seeds were directly exposed to magnetic field strengths of 50, 100 and 150 millitesla (mT) for 5, 10 and 15 min (min) and then standard germination tests were performed. Secondly, the emergence potential of untreated seeds was compared with seed exposed to hydropriming, priming with 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE), priming with magnetically treated water (MTW) for 10 min and priming with 3% MLE solution prepared in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE). Germination, emergence, seedling growth and seed biochemical properties were used to select the best treatment for field evaluation. The results of the study revealed that magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT for 10 min and seed priming with 3% MLE solution in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE) significantly improved emergence, crop growth rate and sunflower yield.     

Separation mixed semen of two individuals using magnetic beads coupled ABH blood group antibody

In sexual assault cases, one of the most common samples collected is a mixed semen stain, which is often found on the vagina, female underwear, or bed sheets. However, it is usually difficult to identify the perpetrator based on this sample alone. One technique that has been developed to address this issue is magnetic bead-based separation. This method involves using modified magnetic microspheres to capture and enrich specific target cells, in this case, sperm cells. In this study, we utilized magnetic beads coupled with ABH blood group antibody to isolate sperm cells from an individual of a single ABO blood type. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction amplification and capillary electrophoresis were employed to perform the genotyping the short tandem repeat (STR) loci. This approach allows for the identification of different individuals in a mixed seminal stain sample from two individuals, by first separating sperm cells based on ABH antigen differences and subsequently utilizing autosomal STR typing on the enriched single blood group cells.     

基于低空遥感的消费级相机油菜苗期长势监测最优波段选取

无人机遥感作为卫星和航空遥感平台的有力补充,在低空遥感观测领域发挥越来越重要的作用.对于农作物长势监测而言,选择合适的光谱波段有利于更加准确地反映作物长势情况.该研究借助水稻—油菜氮素养分试验,针对其油菜季开展基于无人机遥感的消费级相机油菜苗期长势监测最优波段选取问题研究.试验采用经红外改造后的消费级相机,逐次搭配lp680、lp720、lp850 3种近红外长通滤波片和RGB红外截止滤波片来获取不同光谱位置的近红外波段影像和可见光波段影像.在此基础上计算多波段影像的多种植被指数,同时结合油菜地面冠层高光谱数据和滤波片光谱响应特性模拟计算相同的植被指数.结果表明,使用可见光波段影像计算的归一化差指数(NDI)与地面实测归一化差植被指数(NDVI)之间的相关性最高,其R2达到0.945,该结果与基于油菜地面冠层高光谱数据所得结果呈现出较好的一致性.同时该NDI值与油菜氮素养分试验中不同氮素施用水平之间的相关性也较好,其R2达0.963.该研究结果表明选取常规消费级相机可见光波段也能准确地获取作物长势信息,为其用于作物长势监测提供了科学依据.     

滴灌春油菜水肥高效利用技术研究

为滴灌条件下春油菜水肥耦合高效利用技术模式集成提供基础数据资料,在西宁市北郊川水地利用滴灌技术,采用"3414"肥料设计,进行春油菜水肥一体化试验研究。结果表明:在滴灌施肥量N为42~126 kg/hm2、P2O5为27.0~79.5 kg/hm2和K2O为27.0~79.5 kg/hm2时,油菜产量达到2 173.5~3 234.0 kg/hm2,N、P、K肥料效应函数为:Y=130.153 2+11.3421X1+16.659 2X2-7.559X3-0.648 2X21-0.234 6X22-0.641 2X23-2.750 6X1X2+2.498X1X3-0.491 4X2X3,(R=0.856)(Y=产量,X1=氮,X2=磷,X3=钾),根据此方程推荐滴灌油菜最佳施肥量为:N为74.2 kg/hm2、P2O5为65.0 kg/hm2、K2O为31.2 kg/hm2,最高产量可达2 863.6 kg/hm2。滴灌施肥与以往常规方法种植油菜相比,产量基本相当且具有减少化肥投入的效果。     

连续投影算法在油菜叶片氨基酸总量无损检测中的应用

应用近红外光谱技术结合连续投影算法(SPA)实现了油菜叶片氨基酸总量(TAA)的快速无损检测.对150个油菜样本进行光谱扫描,通过比较不同预处理,建立油菜叶片氨基酸总量预测的最优偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型.同时应用SPA提取有效波长,作为多元线性回归(MLR),PLS和最小二乘-支持向最机(LS-SVM)的输入变量,分别建立SPA-MLR,SPA-PLS和SPA-ISSVM模型.以决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)作为模型评价指标.结果表明,SPA-MLR和SPA-PLS均优于全波段的PLS模型,SPA-LS-SVM获得了最优的预测结果,其预测的R2和RMSEP分别为0.983 0和0.396 4,获得了满意的预测精度.说明应用光谱技术枪测油菜叶片TAA是可行的,并能获得满意的预测精度,为进一步应用光谱技术进行油菜生长对逆境胁迫的反应及大田监测提供了新的方法.     

盐碱混合胁迫对油菜种子萌发的胁迫效应

本文主要研究盐碱混合胁迫对油菜种子萌发的影响.将NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3和Na2CO34种盐按不同比例混合,对油菜种子进行盐碱混合胁迫处理,测定油菜种子对盐碱胁迫的反应情况.结果表明,随盐浓度增大以及碱性盐比例增高,种子的发芽率、发芽势,发芽指数、活力指数,α-淀粉酶活性,幼苗的干重与鲜重及根长与芽长呈下降趋势,而膜相对透性升高.