高静态动作压力下粉尘爆炸泄放标准的可靠性

粉尘爆炸泄放设计标准的可靠性对能否实现爆炸防护尤为关键.以中径70μm石松子粉尘为介质,采用20 L球形粉尘爆炸装置进行了4种泄放口径、静态动作压力在0.12~0.6 MPa的爆炸泄放实验,对比了实验值与NFPA 68和EN 14491计算值.结果表明,NFPA 68在预测高静态动作压力下的泄放面积时,随着泄放口径的增大,预测结果由保守变为危险,但预测结果精度较好且数值稳定;EN 14491在预测高静态动作压力下的泄放面积时非常保守,预测精度较差,数据不可靠.依据两种标准推荐的经验函数关系,分析了NFPA 68和EN 14491在预测高静态动作压力时产生这种差异的原因.     

Assessing the nucleophilic character of 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles through coupling with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan: Experimental and theoretical approaches based on structure-reactivity relationships

A kinetic study of the reactions of potentially bioactive 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles with highly reactive 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) is reported herein in acetonitrile solution. The complexation reaction was followed by recording the UV–vis spectra with time at λ_max = 482 nm. Electronic effects of substituents influencing the rate of reaction have been studied using structure-reactivity relationships. It is shown that the Hammett plot relative to the reaction of DNBF with 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole exhibit positive deviation from the log k₁ versus σ correlation, while it showed excellent linear correlation in terms of Yukawa–Tsuno equation. It has be noticed that the nonlinear Hammett plot observed for 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl) thiazole is not attributed to a change in rate-determining step but is due to nature of electronic effect of substituent caused by the resonance of stabilization of substrates. The second-order rate constant (k₁) relating to the bond C–C and C-N forming step of the complexation processes of DNBF with 4-substituted-aminothiazoles and 2-amino-5-methyl-4-phenylthiazole, respectively, is fit into the linear relationship log k = s_N (N + E), thereby permitting the assessment of the nucleophilicity parameter (N) of the 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles of the range (4.90 < N < 6.85). 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles is subsequently ranked by positioning its reactivity on the general nucleophilicity scale developed recently by Mayr and coworkers (2003) leading an interesting and a direct comparison over a large domain of π-, σ -, and n-nucleophiles. The global electrophilicity/nucleophilicity reactivity indexes of the 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles have been investigated by means of a density functional theory (DFT) method. .     

用带时序子模块的系统动力学模型预测Brent原油价格

提出在系统动力学模型中加入时序自回归AR(p)子模块，并且自动确定每个AR(p)子模块的阶数p。带时序子模块的系统动力学模型既体现了因素问的横向因果关系，又体现了每个因素的纵向关系。建立欧佩克(OPEC)石油产量、世界GDP、煤炭产量与价格、天然气、需求量、供求差额、消费系数、非欧佩克石油产量、非欧佩克供求差额，石油库存和OPEC组织的期望油价共十一个因素影响下的Brent原油价格预测模型，模型的预测结果表明：在系统动力学模型中加入时序自回归AR(p)子模块的方法是可行的、有效的，并且能提高模型的预测精度。     

重油催化装置反应系统的技术改造

为了减少炼油厂高低并列式两段再生重油催化裂化装置频繁停工 ,降低干气产率 ,提高加工能力和掺渣能力 ,兰州石化公司炼油厂对该装置进行了技术改造 ,同时多产了液态烃和柴油 .新鲜原料和回炼油改由 BWJ型高效雾化进料喷嘴注入 ,沉降器由原来的三叶快分换为全封闭直联快速分离系统 ,在原来采用急冷油作终止剂的基础上 ,新增急冷水 .通过改造 ,有效地降低了干气产率 ,减少了结焦 ,增加了轻质油收率 ,提高了装置的加工能力、掺渣能力及柴汽比 ,较好地实现了预期目标     

电路特性的PSpice仿真方法比较

应用PSpice仿真软件的两种仿真方法,分析了串联型直流稳压电源的性能,比较了这两种仿真分析方法各自的优点.电路仿真实验表明,熟练掌握数种电路仿真方法是十分必要的,仿真方法对电路分析具有实际意义和作用.     

志丹活性白土对食用油的脱色研究

以志丹白土为原料，经酸活化所得活性白土应用于食用油的脱色，详细研究了脱色工艺条件，并与浙江等地的活性白土产品的脱色效果进行比较，结果表明：志舟活化白土具有较好的脱色性能。     

Viscoelastic properties of amorphous polymers 3: low molecular weight poly(methylphenylsiloxane)

By making creep and recoverable creep measurements of a nearly monodisperse low molecular weight poly(methyl phenyl siloxane) sample, we have found on decreasing temperature towardsT _g that there is continuously a change in the viscoelastic spectrum concomitant with a decrease of the steadystate recoverable compliance. This behavior is exactly the same as previously observed in low molecular weight poly(styrene), proving that this spectacular anomaly in the viscoelasticity of low molecular weight polymers is general and deserves an explanation. Photon correlation spectroscopic measurements performed on the same sample have extended the observation of the viscoelastic response to shorter times and the result corroborates the trend of variation established by the creep data.Dedicated to Prof.Dr. E. W. Fischer on his 65th Birthday. Prof.Dr. Fischer is known for his valuable contribution to fosterine, international collaboration of research in polymer science. This work is an example of his contribution because it would not be possible without him bringing us together. One of us (KLN) would like to take this opportunity to thank Prof. Dr. Fischer for his unwaiving support of the 1st (Crete) and the 2nd (Alicante) International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems     

山西省农民家庭消费水平和结构分析

本文利用统计计量学方法对山西省农民家庭消费水平和消费结构的变化及原因进行了实证分析。建立了山西省农民人均消费的消费函数和山西省农民总消费支出与食品、衣着、住房、日用品、燃料及文化生活服务支出的关系模型，并通过模型分析解释了农民的消费结构，也为决策者提供一些有效的参考资料。     

图像相关方法中采用多种子区进行位移测量

在图像相关位移测量方法中一般采用正方型子区搜索中心点的位移.当测量靠近裂纹或缺陷部位的位移时中心型子区失去效果,为了解决这一问题提出了非中心型子区的方法.证明了方法的有效性.认为在相关搜索时测量点既可选定在子区的中心位置,也可选定在非中心位置.进而提出了将测量点确定在子区角点的多种子区的方法.除通常的中心型子区外,至少还有4种子区可以采用,分别是右下角型、左下角型、右上角型和左上角型,这4种子区不但适用于表面裂纹或缺陷部位的位移测量,而且增加了图像有效信息的提取面积.     

物体内部三维位移场分析的数字图像相关方法

提出了物体内部三维位移场的数字图像相关分析方法，对物体变形前后，或连续变形的两个相邻状态的内部三维结构的数字图像，通过相关运算获得三维位移场.文中给出了三维相关法的体搜索窗口、相关函数及亚像素运算的相关系数拟合函数.数字模拟结果证明了三维相关法的正确性及可靠性.位移计算精度为0.02像素. 关键词： 数字图像相关 三维相关 亚像素