响应面法对Neutrase蛋白酶酶解燕麦麸的优化研究

以燕麦麸皮为原料,采用Neutrase中性蛋白酶对其进行水解,以蛋白水解度及氮溶指数为评价指标,在反应时间、加酶量、料液比等单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken响应面分析法系统探讨了燕麦麸蛋白酶解的最优条件,当水料比为15∶1,加酶量为底物的5%,酶解反应时间为4 h,水解度可以达到12%,氮溶指数达到59%.     

六种裸燕麦品种苗期抗旱性比较

采用连续干旱法,每隔4天取裸燕麦苗期叶片测定其生理生化指标,综合比较其抗旱性能。结果表明,随干旱胁迫时间延长,其叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量则呈增加趋势。根据指标分析,综合得出6种裸燕麦品种的抗旱性为：马营莜麦、定莜1号相对抗旱,青永久887、NEON中度抗旱,内蒙莜麦和青永久747的抗旱性相对较弱。     

燕麦抗盐愈伤组织变异系的选择

以普通燕麦成熟胚为起始材料,置于附加一定激素配比的ＭＳ培养基上诱导产生愈务组织（经继代培养获大量愈伤组织块）,再转至含有不同盐浓度的筛选培养基上继续培养,结果产生抗盐愈务组织。这些抗盐愈伤组织再经逐级增大的含盐培养基培养后,愈务组织的存活率逐级提高,获得具有一定稳定性的抗盐愈伤组织变异系。     

小麦兼抗性抗源的选育、鉴定和利用

在同一小麦生态区往往数种病害同时发生 ,用兼抗性小麦品种进行防治是最经济有效的方法 ,可减少环境污染。用小麦近缘种属与野燕麦的不同种杂交、具有普通小麦不同染色体的近缘属间杂交 ,杂交后代一般不要进行回交 ,而且容易稳定 ,育成系列兼抗性普通小麦型的优质、高产的品种和品系。     

Resistance of oat to ‘take-all’ causing fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici)

Evaluation with the pot assay at seedling stage in greenhouse showed that oat (Avena sativa) was highly resistant to take-all disease to which, however, wheat (Triticum aestivum) was extremely susceptible. The oat roots were shown to be inhibitory to the invasion and spread of take-all causing fungus G. graminis var. tritici by the following criteria: (ⅰ) less infection sites were observed (about 1/7 of those in wheat); (ⅱ) the ectotrophic growth of G. graminis var. tritici on oat roots was much slower than that on those of wheat, and the runner hyphae appeared as kidney- or fork-shaped hyphopodia on the surface of oat roots which could not be discerned on that of wheat roots; (ⅲ) the period from inoculation to penetration into the epidermis of oat roots was about 2.9 times as long as that of wheat; (ⅳ) the infection hyphae were hindered substantially when it was about to penetrate into the epidermis of oat roots with the mycelium deformed; and (ⅴ) the cortical layer of oat roots was revealed to be unsuitable for the G. graminis var. tritici infestation as some lysed hyphae were found therein, and the spread of hyphae from the first layer of cortex to the pericycle needed 108 h, about 1.8 times as long as it did on wheat roots.     

Multi-Bioactivity of Protein Digests and Peptides from Oat (Avena sativa L.) Kernels in the Prevention of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

The aim of this study was to characterize the digests and peptides derived from oat kernel proteins in terms of their major enzyme inhibitory activities related to the prevention of cardiometabolic syndrome. It also entailed the characteristics of antioxidant bioactivity of the analyzed material. The study was carried out using coupled in silico and in vitro methods. The additional goal was to investigate whether identified peptides can pervade Caco-2 cells. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it was found that the selected oat proteins may be a potential source of 107 peptides with DPP-IV and/or ACE inhibitory and/or antioxidant activity. The duodenal digest of oat kernels revealed multiple activities. It inhibited the activities of the following enzymes: DPP-IV (IC₅₀ = 0.51 vs. 10.82 mg/mL of the intact protein), α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 1.55 vs. 25.20 mg/mL), and ACE (IC₅₀ = 0.82 vs. 34.52 mg/mL). The DPPH^• scavenging activity was 35.7% vs. 7.93% that of the intact protein. After in silico digestion of oat proteins, 24 peptides were selected for identification using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Among them, 13 sequences were successfully identified. One of them, i.e., VW peptide, exhibited triple activities, i.e., DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory and DPPH^• scavenging activity. The multifunctional peptides: PW, TF, VF, and VW, were identified in the basolateral samples after transport experiments. Both in silico and in vitro analyses demonstrated that oat kernel proteins were the abundant sources of bioactive digests and peptides to be used in a diet for patients suffering from cardiometabolic syndrome.     

野燕麦3号致病菌株的生物学特性初步研究

筛选野燕麦致病菌株,研究其致病性及生物学特性,为野燕麦的生物防治提供理论依据。利用离体叶片接种测定,筛选对野燕麦有良好抑制作用的致病菌,并通过对致病菌的培养特征和形态特征分析鉴定其分类地位;以单因素试验法对影响该菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的各种培养条件进行优化。经初步鉴定3号菌株属于镰孢菌属(FusariumLink ex Fr.),对野燕麦有致病性,发病率在80%以上,在SCS培养基生长最好,生长适宜温度范围为25~32℃,最适为28℃,pH范围2~11,最适6.0,在以葡萄糖为碳源、以磷酸氢二铵为氮源的Czapek培养基上生长良好。分生孢子萌发的适宜温度范围20~35℃,最适28~30℃,pH2~11,最适6.0,以自由水或饱和湿度条件下萌发最高;蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、吐温-80明显提高孢子萌发速度。结果提示3号致病菌株对野燕麦有较好的致病作用,具有进行野燕麦杂草生物防治的应用潜力。     

Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity in Oat-Buckwheat Dough and Cookies with Added Spices or Herbs

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in oat-buckwheat doughs and cookies with the addition of ten selected spices or herbs (2 g/100 g flours weight basis). The used spices and herbs, as was expected, showed a wide range of bioactive molecules, namely phenolic acids and flavonoids, and they are a rich source of components with antioxidant potential. All analysed oat-buckwheat dough showed higher antioxidant activity potential and higher total phenolic content (TPC) compared to cookies. The highest TPC was found in clove, both dough and cookies, with its addition showing the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. Generally, cookies with the addition of spice/herbs showed higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity compared to oat-buckwheat cookies without the condiment. The technology of obtaining confectionery products, like oat-buckwheat cookies, that will favor the protection of bioactive compounds should still be improved.     

桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的研制

将桔皮粉、燕麦粉、脱脂奶粉、木糖醇混合调配,以桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的感官评价作为指标,研究了桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉产品中各种主要原料及辅料的添加量对产品感官评价数据的影响;通过单因素实验以及正交实验得到桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的最优调制配方分别为桔皮粉添加量0. 1 g(0. 59%),燕麦粉添加量10 g(58. 48%),脱脂奶粉添加量4 g(23. 39%),木糖醇添加量为3 g(17. 54%);通过配方研制出的桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的润湿下沉性及速溶型较好,结块率较低,产品的理化性质也较好。     

Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications

This work describes an environmental-friendly preparation of ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous oat extract. The advanced electrochemical and optical features of green synthesized ZnONPs displayed excellent antibacterial activity and exhibited an important role in pharmaceutical determinations. The formation of nanoscale ZnO was confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. The formed nanoparticles were found to be around 100 nm. The as-prepared ZnONPs were monitored for their antibacterial potential against different bacterial strains. The inhibition zones for ZnONPs were found as Escherichia coli (16 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (11 mm) using a 30-µg mL⁻¹ sample concentration. In addition, ZnONPs exhibited significant antioxidant effects, from 58 to 67%, with an average IC₅₀ value of 0.88 ± 0.03 scavenging activity and from 53 to 71% (IC₅₀ value of 0.73 ± 0.05) versus the scavenging free radicals DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The photocatalytic potential of ZnONPs for Rhodamine B dye degradation under UV irradiation was calculated. The photodegradation process was carried out as a function of time-dependent and complete degradation (nearly 98%), with color removal after 120 min. Conclusively, the synthesized ZnONPs using oat biomass might provide a great promise in the future for biomedical applications.