Extension of a combined analytical/numerical initial value problem solver for unsteady periodic flow

Here we describe analytical and numerical modifications that extend the Differential Reduced Ejector/ mixer Analysis (DREA), a combined analytical/numerical, multiple species ejector/mixing code developed for preliminary design applications, to apply to periodic unsteady flow. An unsteady periodic flow modelling capability opens a range of pertinent simulation problems including pulse detonation engines (PDE), internal combustion engine ICE applications, mixing enhancement and more fundamental fluid dynamic unsteadiness, e.g. fan instability/vortex shedding problems. Although mapping between steady and periodic forms for a scalar equation is a classical problem in applied mathematics, we will show that extension to systems of equations and, moreover, problems with complex initial conditions are more challenging. Additionally, the inherent large gradient initial condition singularities that are characteristic of mixing flows and that have greatly influenced the DREA code formulation, place considerable limitations on the use of numerical solution methods. Fortunately, using the combined analytical–numerical form of the DREA formulation, a successful formulation is developed and described. Comparison of this method with experimental measurements for jet flows with excitation shows reasonable agreement with the simulation. Other flow fields are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the model. As such, we demonstrate that unsteady periodic effects can be included within the simple, efficient, coarse grid DREA implementation that has been the original intent of the DREA development effort, namely, to provide a viable tool where more complex and expensive models are inappropriate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A numerical study of an unsteady laminar flow in a doubly constricted 3D vessel

Unsteady flow dynamics in doubly constricted 3D vessels have been investigated under pulsatile flow conditions for a full cycle of period T. The coupled non‐linear partial differential equations governing the mass and momentum of a viscous incompressible fluid has been numerically analyzed by a time accurate Finite Volume Scheme in an implicit Euler time marching setting. Roe's flux difference splitting of non‐linear terms and the pseudo‐compressibility technique employed in the current numerical scheme makes it robust both in space and time. Computational experiments are carried out to assess the influence of Reynolds' number and the spacing between two mild constrictions on the pressure drop across the constrictions. The study reveals that the pressure drop across a series of mild constrictions can get physiologically critical and is also found to be sensitive both to the spacing between the constrictions and the oscillatory nature of the inflow profile. The flow separation zone on the downstream constriction is seen to detach from the diverging wall of the constriction leading to vortex shedding with 3D features earlier than that on the wall in the spacing between the two constrictions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Indirect boundary element method for unsteady linearized flow over prolate and oblate spheroids and hemispheroidal protuberances

The indirect boundary element method was used to study the hydrodynamics of oscillatory viscous flow over prolate and oblate spheroids, and over hemispheroidal bodies hinged to a plate. Analytic techniques, such as spheroidal coordinates, method of images, and series representations, were used to make the numerical methods more efficient. A novel method for computing the hydrodynamic torque was used, since for oscillatory flow the torque cannot be computed directly from the weightings. Instead, a Green's function for torque was derived to compute the torque indirectly from the weightings. For full spheroids, the method was checked by comparing the results to exact solutions at low and high frequencies, and to results computed using the singularity method. For hemispheroids hinged to a plate, the method for low frequencies was checked by comparing the results to previous results, and to exact solutions at high frequencies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Space–time integrated least squares: a time‐marching approach

A time‐marching formulation is derived from the space–time integrated least squares (STILS) method for solving a pure hyperbolic convection equation and is numerically compared to various known methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Meshless simulation of equilibrium swelling/deswelling of pH‐sensitive hydrogels

Hydrogels have been widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and Bio‐MEMS devices. In this article, the equilibrium swelling/deswelling of the pH‐stimulus cylindrical hydrogel in the microchannel is studied and simulated by the meshless method. The multi‐field coupling model, called multi‐effect‐coupling pH‐stimulus (MECpH) model, is presented and used to describe the chemical field, electric field, and the mechanical field involved in the problem. The partial differential equations (PDEs) describing these three fields are either nonlinear or coupled together. This multi‐field coupling and high nonlinear characteristics produce difficulties for the conventional numerical methods (e.g., the finite element method or the finite difference method), so an alternative—meshless method is developed to discretize the PDEs, and the efficient iteration technique is adopted to solve the nonlinear problem. The computational results for the swelling/deswelling diameter of the hydrogel under the different pH values are firstly compared with experimental results, and they have a good agreement. The influences of other parameters on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel are also investigated in detail. It is shown that the multi‐field coupling model and the developed meshless method are efficient, stable, and accurate for simulation of the properties of the stimuli‐sensitive hydrogel. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 326–337, 2006     

浅议全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标

全面建设小康社会的含义是什么?它与中国特色社会主义经济、政治、化建设的关系是什么?怎样才能建成更高水平的小康社会?本从三个方面进行阐述：全面建设小康社会是中国特色社会主义经济、政治、化全面发展的目标；全面建设小康社会是实现现代化必经的承上启下的发展阶段；实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标，根本在发展，关键在改革，实质是为民。     

非线性拟合的初值问题

综述了非线性拟合初值的求解方法，并在前人研究的基础上提出了常见非线性模型初值的简便求法.该方法既可在计算机上编程实现，亦可利用计
算机数学分析工具Matlab，Maple，Mathematica，Matcad，微软EXCEL及微软ORIGIN等直接求解.     

蒸发器管路特性自动测试装置研制

介绍了制冷机中蒸发器和毛细管等管路器件特性参数自动测试装置的设计原理和实施方法。通过对管中气流的理论分析，利用铂电阻、差压和流量变送器等检测仪表，用单片机进行数据采集、运算处理和流程控制，解决了管路器件泄漏和阻力综合参数测试装置研制中的几个关键问题。该装置可灵活方便地应用于制冷行业管路器件质量监控。     

Lattice Boltzmann方法不同边界条件的混用

在Lattice Boltzmann方法数值模拟中,比较重要的一个环节就是边界条件的确定.通过对不同边界条件混用情况的研究,发现不同的边界条件确定方法可以相互混用,说明了Lattice Boltzmann方法对于边界的处理是比较灵活的.     

一种热电阻动态特性原位校准方法

研制了一种可在测量中，现场、原位使用的用于热电阻动态特性校准的计算机插板。由传热学原理，论证了热电阻在外部阶跃温度响应与回路电流阶跃方法(LCSR法)温度响应之间的联系，据此，建立了求得响应时间常数的数据处理方法。在滑油和风洞里用LCSR方法和被测介质温度阶跃进行的对比实验表明：该方法求取的时间常数误差小于5％。用该方法分别求得的热电阻和外壳的时间常数，可以进一步确定影响响应速度的主要因素。