视觉王国:纳博科夫小说叙事中的色彩、画面、视知觉

在俄裔美籍作家纳博科夫的诗学体系与文学创作中,视觉元素居于重要的位置。其表现形式除引用具体的画家、画作之外,还包括:基于日常细致入微的观察,在小说文本中表现精妙而丰富的色彩;依托色彩创造具有视觉可信度的画面意象,扩充读者的视觉想象,并赋予画面一定的叙事功能。无论是色彩性还是画面性,其根源都在于视觉感官。纳博科夫不仅在文学批评中呼吁将经典文学作品视觉化加以把握,更将视知觉摆到自己笔下人物生命进程的头等位置,甚至赋予它超验的意味,沟通人物的此在与"彼岸世界"。藉此,他在小说叙事中构建起一个视觉王国。     

论明清小说中商人的“崇儒重仕”情结

明代以后,随着社会对商业的关注,商人形象在文学作品,特别是通俗小说中大量出现,商人的"崇儒重仕"情结也突显出来。通过提炼明末清初小说中有关商人形象的描述,可以推论出"崇儒重仕"情结产生的原因,包括历史原因、生存需要和发展手段等,并探讨了该情结的社会影响。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4,5-triaryl-1 H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones as inhibitors of ALK5

A series of 2,4,5-triaryl substituted 1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones,as ALK5 inhibitors,were desigened,synthesized and evaluated in vitro.Most compounds exhibited noticeable ALK5 inhibition activities at 1 μmol/L and displayed no significant cytotoxicities at 30 μmol/L.     

Highly efficient heterogeneous procedure for the synthesis of fructone fragrancy

A novel heterogeneous strong acid catalyst was synthesized through the copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid and paraformaldehyde and utilized for the synthesis of fructone. The results showed that the catalyst was very efficient for the reaction with the yield over 95%. The advantages of extremely high density of acidity, high thermal and chemical stability, low cost for the simple synthetic procedure, and reusability made the catalyst one of the best choices for the reaction.     

New lactoyl glycoside quercetin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis> leaves

In the course of phytochemical investigations of Melia azedarach leaves, a novel cinnamoyl glycoside, cinnamoyl-1-α-L-rhamnoside (1), and a novel acylated quercetin triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-[rhamnosyl 1→6(4″-lactoyl glucoside)]-4′-O-glucoside (2), have been isolated and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic methods, together with the six known flavonoid compounds kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, 3-O-rhamnoside, and the aglycones quercetin and kaempferol. All isolated compounds have been evaluated for their structures by chromatographic methods, chemical degradation, and UV and NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the extract was studied as well. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–14, January–February, 2008.     

产纤维素酶新菌株的筛选及其产酶特性研究

【目的】筛选分离新的纤维素酶产酶菌株,并对其生长特性和产酶特性进行研究。【方法】从堆肥样品中分离得到一株产纤维素酶菌株,定名为CP1,利用16SrRNA序列对比和Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。通过测定菌株生长速率确定其最适生长条件。采用CMC发酵培养基进行纤维素酶的研究,确定其产酶曲线。测定粗酶液最适作用温度和pH值,热稳定性和金属离子对其影响。【结果】经鉴定该菌株为梭形芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH值为6。在含CMC-Na的培养基培养,该菌株的生长与产酶同步进行,培养48h菌株生长量达到最大,培养液的CMC酶活力同时达到最大值,为0.46U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶既有酸性CMC酶活力,又有碱性CMC酶活力,并以碱性CMC酶为主,酸性CMC酶的活力只有碱性CMC酶的71.4%。其酸性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为6.0,碱性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为8.0。另外,该菌株所产碱性CMC酶活的最适作用温度为40~50℃,而且0.5%的Cu2+使其酶活降低45%。【结论】菌株CP1为首次报道的梭形芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶新菌株,具有独特的酸碱性环境下的纤维素酶活力。     

新型有机电致磷光白光器件的研究

制备了结构为ITO/NPB/TCTA/FIrpic∶TCTA/Ir(MDQ)2(acac)∶TmPyPB/FIrpic∶TmPyPB/TmPyPB/LiF/Al的有机电致磷光发光器件。通过在双蓝光发光层之间插入较薄的红光层Ir(MDQ)2(acac)∶TmPyPB调节载流子、激子在各发光层中的分布,并结合TCTA和TmPyPB对发光层内载流子和激子的有效阻挡作用,混合实现白光发射。研究了红光层在不同厚度、不同掺杂浓度下对器件发光性能的影响。结果表明,红光发光层厚度为2nm、质量浓度为5%时,结合蓝光发光层和红光发光层,实现了色坐标为(0.333,0.333)、最大发光效率为11.50cd/A的白光发射。     

Optimal control theory of an age-structured coronavirus disease model and the dynamical analysis of the underlying ordinary differential equation model having constant parameters

This paper addresses the dynamics of COVID-19 using the approach of age-structured modeling. A particular case of the model is presented by taking into account age-free parameters. The sub-model consisting of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is investigated for possible equilibria, and qualitative aspects of the model are rigorously presented. In order to control the spread of the disease, we considered two age- and time-dependent non-pharmaceutical control measures in the age-structured model, and an optimal control problem using a general maximum principle of Pontryagin type is achieved. Finally, sample simulations are plotted which support our theoretical work.     

Emerging Theory,Materials, and Screening Methods: New Opportunities for Promoting Thermoelectric Performance

High‐performance thermoelectric materials have attracted immense interest due to the capability of directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The correlation and inherent complexity between the thermoelectric parameters pose serious challenges to improving the materials’ thermoelectric performance. Herein, the emerging novel theories in the field of thermoelectrics are summarized, such as the coherent phonon, nanophononic metamaterial, rattling effect, topological phonon, and topological electron. The impacts of these new concepts on thermoelectric performance are then reviewed. Finally, a number of promising thermoelectric materials such as one‐dimensional nanowires, two‐dimensional layered materials, and nanomesh structures are discussed. The advanced understanding of thermal and electrical transport properties in thermoelectric materials is presented herein, providing new opportunities for improving thermoelectric performance.     

新型二维纳米材料在电化学领域的应用与发展

以石墨烯为代表的新型二维纳米材料具有独特的结构和优异的电子特性,在电化学各领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 本综述总结了新型二维纳米材料在电化学各领域(能源存储、能源转化和电化学传感)的研究现状和存在的问题。 展望了二维纳米材料在电化学领域的发展趋势。