氯化镁/聚乙二醇复配增塑剂热塑加工聚乙烯醇

采用氯化镁和聚乙二醇对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行增塑改性, 并利用熔融加工方法制备了PVA薄膜.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)方法研究了由氯化镁和聚乙二醇组成的复配增塑剂与PVA的相互作用及复配增塑剂对PVA结晶性能、热性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明, 由氯化镁和聚乙二醇组成的复配增塑剂能有效地破坏PVA自身的氢键, 降低PVA的结晶度和熔融温度, 提高PVA的热稳定性并扩展PVA的热塑加工温度窗口.由复配增塑剂通过热塑加工方法制得的PVA薄膜具有较好的力学性能, 拉伸强度为31 MPa, 断裂伸长率为466%.     

Phase Diagram of Gelatin Plasticized by Water and Glycerol

Summary: Gelatin is widely used in capsules manufacturing. Most of the capsules in pharmaceutical applications are hard capsules made out of concentrated solutions of gelatin, where water has been progressively removed during the drying process. More recently soft capsules found an increasing interest in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications where they are filled and sealed with a liquid substance. In order to keep the shells of capsules flexible after drying at room temperature, plasticizer is added to the gelatin aqueous solutions. We present in this paper a systematic investigation of gelatin films, equilibrated under a range of relative humidity (RH). The films contain glycerol as plasticizer P or only water and gelatin, (G). In order to analyze the role of the plasticizer, we fixed various P/G ratios and measured the water retention versus RH. Films were characterized by DSC (Mettler Toledo DSC823). Glass transition temperature T_g, melting temperature T_m and enthalpy associated with helix-coil transition were determined. The role of water and glycerol was examined in relation with the large variations of these transition temperatures with film composition. Non equilibrium effects are also discussed, in particular concerning the glass transition temperature, the relaxation effects and the water repartition between amorphous coils and helical structure. In conclusion, we propose a unique phase diagram of the gelatin films with any proportion of water and glycerol.     

Electrical and structural properties enhancement in plasticized high Tg polymers using metal salts

Plasticized polymer electrolyte composite has been prepared in the form of a film by solution casting method. Poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) acts as a host polymer and is doped with Sodium Iodide (NaI). Ethylene carbonate (EC) added as a plasticizer and also enhances amorphicity of the polymer electrolyte. The electrical conductivity of the PEMA+NaI was evaluated using complex impedance spectroscopy. Maximum ionic conductivity obtained at room temperature was 8.75 × 10^?6 S/cm with the composition of PEMA: NaI (30%) + 60% EC. The conductivity further increased with increase in temperature and moved up to 5.8 × 10^?5 S/cm. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the composite film. Fourier transform infrared ray and X-ray diffraction data confirmed the complexation of material.     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)的外增塑改性

采用溶剂成膜法制备了柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、大豆油和甘油三乙酸酯增塑的聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)共混物,考察了增塑剂的种类及其用量对共混物热学和力学性能的影响。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC) 和电子拉力试验机分别测定共混物的热性能和力学性能。结果表明,三种增塑剂中质量分数为5%的TEC对共聚物的增塑改性效果较好,与纯聚酯相比共混物的结晶温度(T_mc)下降了2.0℃,结晶焓(ΔH_mc)基本保持不变。当TEC的质量分数为20%时,聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)的T_g下降21℃。TEC共混物能保持15.8MPa的拉伸强度和588%的断裂伸长率。     

纸基包装材料中抗氧化剂及增塑剂向干性食品模拟物Tenax TA迁移的研究

采用改性聚苯醚多孔聚合物微球Tenax TA为干性食品模拟物,用于纤维素纸基食品接触材料中3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCP)向Tenax TA迁移的研究,以超高效液相色谱进行测定。迁移试验以白卡纸和牛皮纸为研究对象,通过设计不同迁移时间和迁移温度下3种目标物向Tenax TA迁移的实验,获取有机化合物从纸基纤维素向Tenax TA迁移的规律。结果表明,有机化合物从纸基材料向多孔聚合物微球的迁移经历了气体吸附和脱附两个步骤。在Tenax TA吸附目标化合物的过程中,纤维素纸基材料的微观孔径尺寸越大,与迁移物的相互作用越小,迁移物迁移的速率越大,Tenax TA的吸附效率越高;当吸附达到平衡后,迁移时间的延长会引发Tenax TA中迁移物的脱附,进而导致目标化合物的迁移率下降。对45种纸基食品接触材料中目标迁移物的筛查表明,BHA和DCP分别存在于两种不同类型的纸基食品接触材料中,迁移量分别为0.027μg/dm~2和0.81μg/dm~2,均小于欧盟指令规定的特定迁移限量。     

Conductivity Study on PEO Based Polymer Electrolytes Containing Hexafluorophosphate Anion: Effect of Plasticizer

PEO based polymer electrolytes containing ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH₄PF₆) and hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF₆), both with PF anion have been studied. The effect of the addition of propylene carbonate (PC) to PEO-NH₄PF₆ and PEO-HPF₆ has been observed to increase in ionic conductivity which is attributed to an increase in free ion concentration due to the dissociation of ion aggregates present at higher acid/salt concentrations. The plasticized polymer electrolytes containing HPF₆ show relatively higher conductivity (σ_max = 1.02 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 10 wt% HPF₆) as compared to electrolytes containing NH₄PF₆ (σ_max = 1.09 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm at 10 wt% NH₄PF₆). Presence of free ions, ion aggregates and their dissociation with the addition of PC has been studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The change in amorphous phase with PC content was also studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The variation of conductivity with temperature shows Vogel–Tammen–Fulcher (VTF) behavior, which is associated with the highly amorphous nature of electrolytes. ¹H Nuclear magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra at different temperatures shows line narrowing and suggests the onset of long range ion diffusional motion. Change in surface morphology of polymer electrolytes with the addition of PC is also checked by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies.     

PLA／ATBC增塑改性体系结晶热性能及耐老化性能的研究

采用熔融共混法,以乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯（ATBC）作为增塑剂,对聚乳酸（PLA）进行增塑改性,讨论了增塑剂用量对改性PLA结晶热性能及耐老化性能的影响．研究发现：当增塑剂ATBC含量增加时,改性PLA中存在β晶型向α晶型的转变,增塑剂的加入可以使改性PLA的熔点（Tm）、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低,结晶度增加;起始热分解温度（Te）和最大热分解温度（Ti）增加,热稳定性变好;增塑剂ATBC的加入可以很好的改善PLA的柔韧性,且当ω（ATBC）为20份时,改性PLA的拉伸屈服强度、直角撕裂强度分别为30．16MPa和119．29kN／m,断裂伸长率增加至380．65%,增塑改性效果最好,即使是在自然条件下老化一年后,其综合力学性能仍可以满足一般产品的要求．     

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by AIBN/FeCl3/isophthalic acid system

The reverse ATRP of MMA using AIBN/FeCl₃/ isophthalic acid as the initiating system was successfully performed. The new initiating system can be used to synthesize PMMA with high molecular weight and narrow polydis- persity index. The polymerization shows ‘living’/controlled characteristics. Compared with other initiating system used in reverse ATRP, the easy availability and non-toxicity of isophthalic acid make it very attractive.     

离子液体对PMMA绿色增塑性能

离子液体对PMMA绿色增塑性能;离子液体;环境友好;增塑剂;绿色增塑     

PE.PP编织袋胶粘剂的研制

用给定的 1116型端羟基聚氨酯为主剂 ,选择适当的固化剂、增粘剂 ,经过数理统计方法筛选出最佳配比 ,从而得到一种性能优异的双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂。此胶用于非极性材料 (PE涂膜的PP编织袋 )的粘接 ,效果良好。