增塑剂对PVA碱性聚合物电解质电化学性能的影响

通过溶解―铸膜法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)-KOH-H2O碱性聚合物电解质膜。向聚合物中添加增塑剂丙三醇(GROL)和碳酸丙烯酯(PC)来提高离子电导率。X射线晶体衍射分析(XRD)结果表明,添加增塑剂未改变聚合物的物相结构,薄膜仍主要为不定形态。差示扫描热分析(DSC)结果显示,添加增塑剂后聚合物电解质膜的玻璃化转变温度降低,促进了电解质膜向不定形态转变。电解质膜室温离子电导率随增塑剂添加而增大,增塑剂超过一定量后离子电导率开始下降。PC对提高离子电导率的作用优于GROL。循环伏安测试结果显示,电解质膜的电化学稳定性窗口随增塑剂的添加而有所变窄,但仍显示了较好的电化学稳定性。     

载体催化剂上环氧胡麻油的制备

以胡麻油为原料，在载体试剂催化下，与过氧甲酸发生环氧化生成环氧胡麻油增塑剂，探讨了其反应条件，并对此产物的性能进行了初步试验。     

Preparation of glycerol plasticized chitosan films using AlCl3·6H2O as the solvent: optical,crystalline, mechanical and barrier properties

Chitosan films plasticized with the complex of AlCl₃·6H₂O and glycerol were prepared by using AlCl₃·6H₂O as the solvent. The effect of AlCl₃·6H₂O and glycerol complex with Chitosan was studied by SEM, XRD, TGA, and tensile testing. The complex would increase the water resistance and destroy the crystals of chitosan film. The TGA results proved that the chitosan film plasticized with the complex showed higher thermal stability at the temperature below 200?°C than pure chitosan film. With the addition of the complex of AlCl₃·6H₂O and glycerol, the tensile strength of chitosan film decreased and the elongation at break increased.     

兰州地区获得高强度砼的途径

从高强砼的破坏机理出发,通过用碎卵石配制Ｃ６５高强砼的试验研究,利用兰州地区原材料,从骨料、界面过渡层、水胶比、减水剂、粉煤灰和搅拌顺序等方面提出了获得高强砼的途径．     

Experimental Investigations on Highly Conducting Solid Bio-Polymer Electrolytes Based on Latex of Calotropis gigantea Plant

The study has prepared highly conducting polymer electrolyte films using solution cast technique with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVDF-HFP, mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizer and latex of Calotropis gigantea (CGL) as an ionic source. In this study, four films are prepared using PVDF-HFP:CGL in ratio 1:1 with the increasing concentration of EC+PC as 1, 2, 3, and 4 M named as 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4. The prepared polymer electrolyte is examined by polarized optical microscopy (POM), elemental dispersive X-ray technique (EDX), and complex impedance spectroscopy. EDX and POM are studied for the surface morphology of all prepared samples and to investigate the porous nature of films. The enhancement in ionic conductivity occurs due to CGL and increasing amount of EC-PC. Conductivity of highest composition (1:1:4) polymer electrolyte film is found to be ≈10⁻³ S cm⁻¹. The optimized polymer electrolyte film is considered as a promising candidate for application in supercapacitors.     

中国短链氯化石蜡排放清单和预测

通过对氯化石蜡(CPs)生产和消费行业的调查和文献调研, 将短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)的排放按生产、增塑剂、阻燃剂和金属切削液4个行业进行测算, 给出中国SCCPs排放清单和2007?2011年SCCPs年排放 量。中国2011年SCCPs的排放总量为1788.67吨, 其中对大气的排放量达到498.32吨, 对水体的排放达到1290.35吨; 排放量最大的是金属切削液的使用过程。若不采取控制措施, 到2016年SCCPs的年排放量将达到 2562.51吨, 对生态环境和人体健康存在巨大威胁。     

Hexanoyl Chitosan-based Gel Electrolyte for Lithium-ion Cell

1 Introduction Fig.1 Chemical structure of hexanoyl chitosanChitosan is soluble in dilute acid solutions as a result of salt formation by the amino groups with various inorganic and organic acids~([1,2]). Due to the reactivity of water and other protic solvents such as methanol and acetic acid with the electrode material in the lithium-based electrochemical devices~([3]), the insolubility of chitosan in aprotic solvents is inadequate to meet the requirements to be used as the electrolyte mater…     

醇类化合物对直链淀粉增塑效果的影响

为预测醇类增塑剂所含碳原子数以及羟基数对淀粉增塑效果的影响,采用分子动力学模拟法在COM-PASS力场下模拟计算不同醇类小分子对直链淀粉增塑后玻璃化温度的影响,并测定不同醇类小分子对直链淀粉增塑后旋转扭矩、氢键削弱作用和力常数的变化。通过比较不同醇类化合物对直链淀粉增塑前后的玻璃化温度、旋转扭矩、氢键削弱作用和力常数变化预测醇类化合物增塑效果。结果表明,三类醇类化合物对直链淀粉的增塑效果依次为：乙二醇〉丙三醇〉1,2-丙二醇。由此可推断,当醇类增塑剂含羟基数相同时,碳链越短,对直链淀粉的增塑效果就越好;当所含的碳原子数相同时,醇类增塑剂中所含的羟基数越多,对直链淀粉的增塑效果就越好。     

Indoor SVOC pollution in China: A review

Epidemiological and toxicological studies have proved that semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) may have significant adverse effects on human health.For example,phthalic acid esters (PAEs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may harm the endocrine,reproductive and respiratory systems of humans.Moreover,some SVOCs are carcinogenic.This paper summarizes the source emission characteristics for typical SVOCs observed indoors,evaluates the gas-phase and particle-...     

Phase Diagram of Gelatin Plasticized by Water and Glycerol

Summary: Gelatin is widely used in capsules manufacturing. Most of the capsules in pharmaceutical applications are hard capsules made out of concentrated solutions of gelatin, where water has been progressively removed during the drying process. More recently soft capsules found an increasing interest in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications where they are filled and sealed with a liquid substance. In order to keep the shells of capsules flexible after drying at room temperature, plasticizer is added to the gelatin aqueous solutions. We present in this paper a systematic investigation of gelatin films, equilibrated under a range of relative humidity (RH). The films contain glycerol as plasticizer P or only water and gelatin, (G). In order to analyze the role of the plasticizer, we fixed various P/G ratios and measured the water retention versus RH. Films were characterized by DSC (Mettler Toledo DSC823). Glass transition temperature T_g, melting temperature T_m and enthalpy associated with helix-coil transition were determined. The role of water and glycerol was examined in relation with the large variations of these transition temperatures with film composition. Non equilibrium effects are also discussed, in particular concerning the glass transition temperature, the relaxation effects and the water repartition between amorphous coils and helical structure. In conclusion, we propose a unique phase diagram of the gelatin films with any proportion of water and glycerol.