微量元素La对Al—Si合金凝固过程的影响

本文用差热分析法系统地研究了La掺杂对Al-Si共晶合金、亚共晶、超共晶的动态凝固过程的影响。结果表明,La促使α(Al)成核,使体系中初晶α(Al)的析出温度比AJ-Si二元合金中Al初晶的实际析出温度明显提高;La对初晶Si的成核和长大起抑制作用,使超共晶中初晶Si相析出温度较二元合金中的Si初晶的实际析出温度明显降低。     

The Oxidation of Heterogeneous Tl/Ni/P‐Alloys — Preparation and Crystal Structures of the Thallium Nickel Phosphates TlNi4(PO4)3, Tl4Ni7(PO4)6, and Tl2Ni4(P2O7)(PO4)2

Single crystals of the first anhydrous thallium nickel phosphates were prepared by reaction of heterogeneous Tl/Ni/P alloys with oxygen. TlNi₄(PO₄)₃ (pale‐yellow, orthorhombic, space group Cmc2₁, a = 6.441(2)Å, b = 16.410(4)Å, c = 9.624(2)Å, Z = 4) crystallizes with a structure closely related to that of NaNi₄(PO₄)₃. Tl₄Ni₇(PO₄)₆ (yellow‐brown, monoclinic, space group Cm, a = 10.711(1)Å, b = 14.275(2)Å, c = 6.688(2)Å, β = 103.50(2)°, Z = 8) is isotypic with Na₄Ni₇(PO₄)₆, and Tl₂Ni₄(P₂O₇)(PO₄)₂ (brown, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 10.389(2)Å, b = 13.888(16)Å, c = 18.198(3)Å, β = 103.1(2)°, Z = 8) adopts the K₂Ni₄(P₂O₇)(PO₄)₂ structure. Tl₂Ni₄(P₂O₇)(PO₄)₂ could also be prepared in nearly single phase form by reaction of Tl₂CO₃, NiO, and (NH₄)₂HPO₄.     

Molecular entity vacancy model

A novel molecular entity vacancy model was proposed to describe thermodynamic properties in a multicomponent solution system using its binary interaction parameters only. A derivation of the model for its general expression has been shown in detail. Under some special conditions, this model may be reduced to Flory–Huggins equation, Wilson equation and non-random two liquids (NRTL) equation as well as molecular interaction volume model (MIVM), respectively, and can be verified by Gibbs–Duhem equation, and can express thermodynamic properties of partially miscible systems. The predicted activities are in good agreement with experimental data of some liquid alloys. The results show that the model is of better predictability and reliability because it has a certain physical basis.     

Calorimetric study of liquid gadolinium-based alloys

The enthalpies of mixing of liquid Gd-Si (1770±5 K) and Al-Gd (1760±5 K) alloys have been measured by high-temperature isoperibolic calorimetry. The calorimetric study of the gadolinium-based liquid alloys demonstrates the great negative enthalpies of mixing, which is associated with the contribution of GdSi and GdAl₂ intermetallides into the liquid-state thermodynamics. The comparison of obtained results with literature data has been performed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mg-Cu-La三元非晶合金形成范围的热力学预测

基于分析有利于合金非晶化的热力学因素，从非晶形成的热力学观点出发，综合应用Miedema理论和Toop模型，并考虑纯金属在不同温度下的自由能，在此基础上提出了一种定量预测三元非晶合金形成范围的方法：通过比较晶态的自由能和相应非晶态的自由能来确定成分范围．用该方法计算Mg—Cu—La三元合金系的非晶形成范围，并与已有的实验数据进行比较，发现二者符合得较好．该方法对于定量预测二元及三元甚至是多元合金系非晶形成范围将有一定的指导意义．     

40Cr与QCrO．5的恒温超塑性固态焊接

基于对40Cr表面激光淬火后与QCr0.5恒温超塑性固态焊接可行性的分析,在非真空、无保护气氛下,进行了40Cr QCr0.5的异材焊接工艺试验。试验结果表明,40Cr钢待焊接面经激光淬火预处理后与QCr0.5在预压应力56.6～84.9MPa、焊接温度750～800℃、初始应变速率(2.5～7.5)×10-4s-1的条件下,经120～180s短时压接,即可实现固态焊接,接头强度可达QCr0.5母材强度,胀大率不超过6%。焊接过程中QCr0.5发生了超塑性流变,40Cr变形甚微。     

燃烧法制备TiNi合金的研究

首先运用燃烧法在500 ℃制得金属氧化物前驱体,再将前驱体与CaH2在一定温度下进行还原扩散反应制备TiNi金属间化合物.实验结果表明当还原扩散反应在800 ℃下进行2 h就有TiNi相生成,同时也有TiNi3相存在.如果改变反应温度或加入助熔剂,产物中TiNi相与TiNi3相总是并存.本实验运用燃烧法没有得到纯相的TiNi合金.     

稀土Er对FVS0812合金组织性能的影响

为欲充分发挥AlFeVSi系耐热铝合金应用潜力,进一步提高合金的综合性能,本文采用金相、X射线衍射、透射电镜和力学性能等测试手段研究了稀土元素Er对FVS0812合金的显微组织、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响,结果表明,FVS0812合金中加入少量Er可以保持合金良好的高温强度,明显改善合金塑性,而且降低了主要强化相A1_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si硅化物的粗化率,提高合金的高温稳定性;但是稀土Er也促使了δ(AlFeVSiEr)相的形成,因而不利于进一步改善合金韧性。为此,防止有害相形成,加入适当稀土元素合金化,将成为改善AlFeVsi耐热铝合金性能的有效途径。     

NiTi形状记忆合金动力阻尼特性的研究

应用相位法测量阻尼，系统研究了ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合母相状态下动力阻尼特性，研究结果表明：ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金银邓使在母相状态下，其阻尼Ｑ＾－１也可达到１０＾－１量级，阻尼Ｑ＾－１随振动频率的增大而显著减小；当频率高于某一临界值时，其阻尼较小且趋于稳定，在一范围内，阻尼Ｑ＾－１随振幅的增大而增大，随预应力的增大而增大。     

再生铅低锑合金的工艺及应用

提出了精炼净化再生铅的工艺及原理，经处理过的再生铅可以用来配制蓄电池用低锑合金。对高锑合金、普通低锑合金、再生铅低锑合金进行了对比试验与讨论。结果表明再生铅低锑合金充分利用了Ｓｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｂｉ等有用元素，具有较好的铸造性能、耐蚀性能、抗拉强度及电性能，且成本较低。