齐大山铁尾矿粉磨特性

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和激光粒度仪(LPS)研究齐大山磨细铁尾矿的颗粒形貌和粒度分布特征,并以比表面积为评价指标,比较了铁尾矿与水淬高炉渣的易磨性.结果表明:铁尾矿的易磨性远远优于水淬高炉渣;铁尾矿经实验用球磨机粉磨140min后,能够填充水泥粉体堆积结构间隙的粒径小于5μm的颗粒质量分数为62.60%,并且还含有大量亚微米级和纳米级颗粒.     

不同水稻品种(系)的垩白差异及胚乳细胞学结构研究

调查了18个水稻品种(系)的垩白度、垩白粒率和垩白大小,并对米粒胚乳横断面上的胚乳细胞和淀粉粒进行了电镜扫描.结果表明,供试品种(系)的垩白粒率和垩白度存在显著差异,但垩白大小差异不显著,不同品种(系)在稻米胚乳细胞的形态结构和排列方式上有所不同,其横断面上淀粉粒的分布情况也有明显差异.不同品种(系)的垩白米之间,品种内垩白米与非垩白米之间,以及垩白米不同部位之间的淀粉粒形态具有差异.米粒横断面背腹径方向上长方柱状细胞群(细胞长度为宽度的两倍以上)与垩白发生有一定相关性,但不是垩白发生的决定性因素.淀粉粒在米粒横断面上分布情况与垩白发生有着更为密切的关系,淀粉粒分布越均匀越不易发生垩白,而如果淀粉粒分布不均匀,则使得其排列疏松并最终产生垩白.本文还对垩白发生的机理进行了探讨.     

干凝胶炉法制备聚苯乙烯空心微球

研究了一步乳化法制备初始粒子的过程中相比及搅拌强度对初始粒子直径的影响,初步探讨了干凝胶炉内成球过程中,炉温、炉内气氛、压力等对聚苯乙烯(PS)空心微球产率及同心度的影响。以分子量为22万的聚苯乙烯制得了直径在70～550μm的初始粒子,经乙醇浸泡后,制得了含2%质量分数发泡剂的干凝胶粒子,并在Polymer-700干凝胶炉上制备出了外直径为400～900μm、壁厚为2～10μm、同心度≥95%的PS空心微球。     

激光驱动高速金属颗粒与气体相互作用

采用激光驱动技术模拟高速运动金属颗粒与气体相互作用过程,研究高速气固两相流输运过程。采用驱动靶优化设计、激光参数调节等方法对颗粒加速过程进行控制,利用高时空分辨率、高精度瞬态实验诊断技术获取高速颗粒瞬态物理图像。通过求解三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和刚体飞行六自由度动力学方程数值模拟高速单颗粒与气体混合过程,方程采用高斯−赛德尔隐式方法进行时间推进求解。研究表明,激光驱动方法能够有效地发射金属颗粒,阴影照相技术能够有效获取高速颗粒物理图像。数值模拟给出了高速颗粒与气体作用的流场参数。     

赤栀黄颗粒多种活性成分的提取优化及动物药效学评价

通过正交实验设计,对赤栀黄颗粒的多种活性成分进行提取优化,并以动物药效学方法评价优化结果.HPLC同时测定赤栀黄颗粒中栀子苷、芍药苷、大黄酸和大黄素的含量,考察提取时间、提取.溶剂、提取次数对成分提取的影响;以异硫氰酸苯酯造大鼠肝损伤模型,测定血清肝脏酶和胆红素,进行药效学评价.活性成分经水提取3次,每次20 min,可有效阻止异硫氰酸苯酯引起的大鼠肝脏酶和胆红素的升高.经动物药效学试验验证,此活性成分的提取优化条件,有利地保证了赤栀黄颗粒临床疗效的发挥.     

Analysis of chemical components in herbal formula Qi Bai Granule by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS

Qi Bai Granule (QBG), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is composed of seven herbs. It is necessary to learn its chemical composition for quality control. In this study, a method for rapid separation and structural identification of the constituents in QBG was established by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS in negative and positive ion mode. As a result, 112 compounds, such as triterpenoids, flavonoids and monoterpenes were detected. Based on the retention times, accurate masses, fragment ions, related literatures, and/or authentic standards, 107 compounds were unambiguously identified or tentatively characterized. Additionally, 20% monarch, 50% minister, 5% assistant and 24% guide drugs of 112 compounds were detected, which on the whole was consistent with the compatibility of QBG. The results would provide a scientific basis for the quality control, quantitative analysis and further study in vivo or vitro of QBG.     

A sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of polyphenols in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs

This study established a rapid and reliable approach using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of cinnamic acid, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in rat plasma. This is the first report on a comparative pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in rats. After liquid–liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, the plasma samples were subjected to LC–MS/MS for multiple reaction monitoring. The standard curves showed good linear regression (r² > 0.9991) in the range of 10.0–16000 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were found to be within 15% of the nominal concentration. The recoveries of the three phenolics ranged from 88.7 to 105.7%. Finally, this approach was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic analysis of the three phenolics after oral administration of standard decoction and dispensing granules of C. cassia twigs in rats. Although the values of AUC_0–t of vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in standard decoction group were larger than those of the dispensing granule group, no significant difference was observed for the two groups. Of note, the elimination rates of vanillic acid were slower in the standard decoction group than the dispensing granule group.     

基于粒计算Rough集模型的逻辑推理应用研究

讨论了粒计算理论信息粒子的构成,结合Rough集知识模型给出了信息决策系统不确定性推理的粒计算公式及其过程.针对水产养殖中鱼病诊断信息的模糊性、随机性等不确定特点,通过鱼病症状集形成条件属性粒子、疾病集形成决策粒子而构成的模糊信息决策表,描述出主要逻辑推理算法,即鱼病诊断的规则获取过程,促进粒计算理论应用,同时也为鱼病诊断领域提供了新方法.     

单轴压缩下预制2条贯通裂隙类岩材料断裂行为

在伺服控制单轴加载试验机上,对采用养护前期拔出预埋插片方式制作的含2条贯通裂隙类岩石试件进行压缩试验;基于滑动裂纹模型理论,并结合试件破坏全应力-应变曲线和贯通破坏面颗粒体破坏形态分析裂隙试件断裂破坏机理。滑动裂纹模型表明:驱动裂纹相对错动的有效剪力是裂隙倾角α和裂隙面摩擦因数f的函数。试验中发现:裂隙试件发生破坏时,依据裂隙倾角和岩桥倾角的不同,将会出现单裂隙微裂纹贯通破坏、预制裂隙贯通破坏和无微裂纹发育的脆性破坏;根据裂隙试件岩桥区受力特征的不同,预制裂隙发生贯通破坏时,将呈现拉伸破坏、剪切破坏和拉剪复合破坏3种模式,岩桥区贯通面上颗粒体破坏形态随之依次呈现无摩擦、完全摩擦和部分摩擦痕迹。     

Simultaneous determination of baicalin,oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide and wogonoside in rat plasma by UPLC‐DAD and its application in pharmacokinetics of pure baicalin,Radix Scutellariae and Yinhuang granule

A novel UPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (baicalein‐7‐glucuronide, BG), oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide (OAG) and wogonoside (WG) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard. Plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) using gradient acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water solution as mobile phase. The flow‐rate was set at 0.4 mL/min and the eluate was detected at 275 nm. The method was linear over the ranges of 0.075–17.50, 0.050–12.60 and 0.056–14.10 µg/mL for BG, OAG and WG, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were respectively <4.8% and 6.4%. All of the limits of detection of three analytes in rat plasma were 0.01 µg/mL, whereas the limits of quantification were, respectively, 0.035, 0.025 and, 0.025 µg/mL. This assay has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetics of BG, OAG and WG in rats after oral administration of Yinhuang granule (YHG) and comparative pharmacokinetics of BG in rats following oral administration of the pure BG, Radix Scutellariae (RS) or YHG. We speculate that some co‐existing ingredients in RS or YHG may increase the absorption and elimination of BG in rat. This work may be helpful for the quality control of Yinhuang granule. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.