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11.
硝基芳烃化合物对大型蚤的联合毒性 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
分别测定了2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)与5种硝基芳烃化合物对大型蚤的单一毒性及二元混合物的联合毒性,采用毒性单位法评价了硝基芳烃化合物对大型蚤的联合毒性效应.结果表明,5种二元混合物的联合毒性以相加作用为主,说明此类化合物可能是以相似的方式作用于大型蚤. 相似文献
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利用THYESS法对几种典型的环境内分泌干扰物质的毒理活性进行了定量筛检,并进一步结合量子化学对被检物质作了QSAR分析.结果表明,用THYESS法筛检出的环境内分泌干扰物质存在着良好的毒活性.反应剂量关系.这种测定方法再结合量子化学的QSAR分析,有望成为获得大量环境样品中EDCs毒害数据的一种良好方法. 相似文献
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将川西獐牙菜,椭圆叶花锚,抱茎獐牙菜种子贮存在(18±5℃)和(0~4℃)下18个月。用0 2%CaCl2和2%KNO3溶液浸泡24h,进行电导率、TTC还原量及发芽率测定,结果表明:①两种温度下贮存的种子,除电导率差异极显著外(P<0 01),其余各项指标均不显著(P>0 05);②经药剂处理的种子具有较高的发芽率;两种药剂以0 2%CaCl2效果较好,发芽率平均提高20%;③同一温度贮存的川西獐牙菜和椭圆叶花锚种子,经药剂处理后的电导率极显著高于对照(P<0 01),药剂处理后TTC还原量差异不显著(P>0 05)。 相似文献
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Dr. Xiu-Du Zhang Dr. Kai Chen Prof. Dr. Wei-Yin Sun 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(16):5107-5119
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are a relatively young family of macrocycles, consisting of glycoluril units bridged by methylene groups, and their unique structures have attracted extensive attention from chemists in recent decades. Due to the presence of a rigid hydrophobic inner cavity and two polar outer portals lined with carbonyl groups, Q[n]s not only encapsulate guest species into the cavity, but also coordinate with metal ions/clusters. Considerable achievements have been obtained in the fields of Q[n]s-based host–guest chemistry, coordination chemistry, as well as the combination of host–guest and coordination chemistry. Furthermore, the outer surface of Q[n]s has been demonstrated to be capable of interacting with definite species to generate supramolecular architectures in recent years. With more in-depth research into Q[n]s, their application studies have also emerged as a hot topic. This Minireview focuses on recent advances in the potential applications of solid-state materials based on Q[n]s and their derivatives for the capture and adsorption of hazardous chemicals from a solution or a gas mixture. 相似文献
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The hydrothermal treatment of sugars features a promising technology for the production of fine and platform chemicals from renewable resources. In this work the hydrothermal decomposition of fructose was studied in a buffered medium at a pH range between 2.2 and 8.0. It is demonstrated that at lower pH values mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid and humin are generated, while lactic acid and acetic acid are produced at higher pH values. The work shows that the use of moderate acidic conditions may have advantages for the hydrothermal HMF production over the use of strongly acidic conditions, as especially the degradation into levulinic acid is suppressed. Besides, this study deals with a rather complex reaction network, hence limitations and need for adaption of the kinetic model are discussed. 相似文献
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Aromatic nitroderivatives are compounds of considerable environmental concern, because some of them are phytotoxic (especially the nitrophenols, and particularly 2,4-dinitrophenol), others are mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic (e.g., the nitroderivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 1-nitropyrene), and all of them absorb sunlight as components of the brown carbon. The latter has the potential to affect the climatic feedback of atmospheric aerosols. Most nitroderivatives are secondarily formed in the environment and, among their possible formation processes, photonitration upon irradiation of nitrate or nitrite is an important pathway that has periodically gained considerable attention. However, photonitration triggered by nitrate and nitrite is a very complex process, because the two ionic species under irradiation produce a wide range of nitrating agents (such as •NO2, HNO2, HOONO, and H2OONO+), which are affected by pH and the presence of organic compounds and, in turn, deeply affect the nitration of aromatic precursors. Moreover, aromatic substrates can highly differ in their reactivity towards the various photogenerated species, thereby providing different behaviours towards photonitration. Despite the high complexity, it is possible to rationalise the different photonitration pathways in a coherent framework. In this context, this review paper has the goal of providing the reader with a guide on what to expect from the photonitration process under different conditions, how to study it, and how to determine which pathway(s) are prevailing in the formation of the observed nitroderivatives. 相似文献
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Three one-dimensional ladder-like coordination polymers consisting of Cd6 metalloring as the building unit, {[Cd4LCl4]·3H2O}n ( 1 ), {[Cd3L(ClO4)(H2O)]ClO4·3H2O}n ( 2 ), and {[Cd6(L)2(NO3)2(CH3OH)(H2O)](NO3)2·2CH3OH·5H2O}n ( 3 ), were solvothermally constructed from a carboxylic functionalized bisazamacrocyclic ligand 4,4′-bis((4,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)methyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (H4L). These compounds dispersed in ethanol show the multiple emissions originating from the monomeric and intramolecularly overlapping biphenyl moieties which could be sensitively quenched by picric acid (PA) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) through the effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer process. The differential fluorescent responses of each compound on exposure to PA and 4-NP individually make the convenient ratiometric discrimination of two analytes based on the fluorescent intensity ratio (I320/I360) attainable, and 1 and 2 as ratiometric chemosensors for PA present a broad linear detection range from 4 to 300 μM with detection limits of 0.84 and 0.93 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the blue light emission of 1 under an ultraviolet lamp could be selectively quenched by PA even in the presence of all other interfering nitroaromatic pollutants, which empowers the fast visual detection of PA by naked eye. 相似文献
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