A new multi analytical approach for the identification of synthetic and natural dyes mixtures. The case of orcein-mauveine mixture in a historical dress of a Sicilian noblewoman of nineteenth century

Abstract

In this paper, the application of a multi-analytical approach for the characterisation of synthetic and natural dyes in a historical textile is presented. The work is focused on a historical dress of a Sicilian noblewoman, dating from about 1865–1870. Firstly, SERS on fibre was performed, in order to individuate the classes of dyes employed. The SERS spectra suggested the presence of two main dyes: mauveine and orcein. In order to confirm these preliminary results, two different extraction protocols were applied. The extracts obtained were analysed by ESI-MS, MALDI-ToF and UHPCL-MS analyses, confirming the SERS results. In particular, the application of the ammonia mild extraction technique allowed to selectively extract the phenoxazonic dyes, separating them already in the extraction step from the synthetic ones. Thanks to this multi-analytical approach, this dress could be considered as one of the first examples of employment of synthetic dyes in association with natural ones.     

A New Diterpene Acid from the Flowers of Heteropappus altaicus

A new compound, named heteraltaic acid was isolated from the flowers of Heteropappus altaicus (willd) Novopokr. The compound was elucidated as (5R, 6S, 8aS) -5-[2-(3-furyl) ethyl-5, 6, 8a-trimethyl-4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a -hexahydro-l-naphthalenecarboxylic acid] by the combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (HSQC, HMBC) and X-ray analysis.     

A novel chemical route to SiO2 nanowires

A white substance was got by directly heating TiSi powder on Ti foil, under Ar+O ₂ atmosphere. ED, EDX, SEM and HRTEM studies reveal that the white substance consists of amorphous SiO ₂ nanowires of smooth surface and uniform diameter (40-90 nm). X-ray-induced luminescent emission experiment shows that two broad peaks are at 430 and 570 nm. A one-dimensional growth mechanism, on the basis of the one-dimensional thermal flow during nanowire formation, is discussed.     

3，9－二羟乙基－3＇，9＇－二苯甲基－1，5，7，11－四氧杂螺环［5，5］十一烷的合成和聚合反应

从两二酸二乙酯、氯乙酸乙酯和氯苄出发，经ＬｉＡｌＨ４还原，合成新的二元醇，进而合成新的螺环化合物：３，９－二羟乙基－３＇，９＇－二苯甲基－１，５，７，１１－四氧杂螺［５，５］十一烷．该化合物的结构由它的氢和碳－１３核磁共振谱、红外光谱和元素分析得到证明．该单体在三氟化硼乙醚络合物的作用下进行开环聚合反应．由于环上四个取代基的稳定作用，聚合物的收率比较低（产率１０％左右）．通过对聚合物的结构分析，提出了这一单体的阳离子开环聚合反应机理．对随聚合温度升高，聚合物中酯基／苯基的克分子比降低，以及本体聚合时得到交联聚合物等一系列现象作了探讨．     

Knoevenagel缩合反应研究的新进展

综述了近年来Knoevenagel缩合反应研究的新进展, 包括微波、超声波、固相合成、离子液体等新技术新试剂在该反应中的应用.     

Synthesis of new colloidal formations during the strengthening of different activated hydrated metallurgical slags

This paper reports on a comparison of experimental researches on the hydration hardening of different types of dumped ferrous slag (DFS) (blast furnace, open hearth, electric steel and converter), non-activated and activated with small (2%) additions of Portland cement or lime. Activation was found to accelerate the strengthening processes in the early stages of hydration resulting from the growth of colloidal sol–gel new formations in a more alkaline environment. Over time, these formations became denser and transformed into stone-like amorphous materials with a uniaxial strength of up to 47.6 MPa at 1 year of age. All these types of slag can, therefore, be used in different applications, for example, like traditional binders, such as Portland cement, to different ceramic goods, new construction materials, etc. But till now the results of this research were used only for the preparing of binder materials for natural soils strengthening as road bases in Russia. Highways whose roadbeds were built with these DFS as binder materials have shown excellent performance indices in different parts of Russia, including Siberia and northern regions.     

盐酸吡格列酮的合成新方法研究

报道了治疗糖尿病药物盐酸吡格列酮的合成新方法.在六氢吡啶作用下,对羟基苯甲醛和2,4-噻唑烷二酮缩合生成5-[(4-羟苯基)亚甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮,经钯炭催化氢化还原生成5-[(4-羟苯基)甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮,再和氢氧化钾反应生成相应的钾盐,然后与5-乙基-2-羟乙基吡啶和甲基磺酰氯反应得到的磺酸酯作用生成吡格列酮,最后用盐酸酸化得到其盐酸盐.产品结构经1H NMR和IR确证.     

长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究

【目的】为揭示长叶苦竹(Pleioblastus chino var.hisauchii)新造林的生长发育规律,探究不同年龄竹株的秆形特征及不同龄级竹地下茎的鞭根生长情况,为长叶苦竹及其他混生型竹的栽培养护和经营管理提供参考。【方法】调查了南京林业大学溧水白马实验基地长叶苦竹新造林5年时的年龄结构和空间分布,标记整片竹林每株竹子的位置和年龄信息,随机选取3株1～5年生健康无病虫害竹株,测定其地径、株高、枝下高、每节节长和对应的节径等指标。追踪1～5年生竹鞭系,统计鞭段数、鞭节数、岔鞭数、芽数,测量鞭长、鞭径、鞭节长等指标。【结果】随着长叶苦竹新造林的更新,前4年新龄竹株数呈递增趋势。地径、株高和枝下高随竹龄的增长均呈递减趋势,且不同年龄竹株的地径和株高、枝下高和株高均存在线性正相关关系。竹秆每节节径由基部到梢部呈递减趋势,且每节节长和对应的节径存在线性正相关关系。新龄竹每节节径、每节节长、平均节径和平均节长均大于老龄竹。鞭径、总鞭长、鞭段数和芽数随竹龄的增长呈递减趋势。鞭长、鞭节长、岔鞭数和笋芽数随竹龄的增长呈先增后减的趋势,在造林第4年时达到最高。【结论】长叶苦竹新造林的年龄结构呈上...     

一种新型的齿轮减噪阻尼环减噪性能研究

本文通过对比实验,指出新型减噪阻尼环的减噪性能大大优于钢阻尼环,尤其在抗冲击方面。并引入“松动“的概念对新型阻尼环的减噪机理进行了探讨.     

基于新型核与灰度序列的时滞GM(1,N)模型及其应用

为了解决GM(1,N)模型在新型核与灰度的基础上,对驱动项的延迟作用机理不明确的问题,将时滞参数引入到GM(1,N)模型的驱动项中,构建了基于新型核与灰度的时滞GM(1,N)模型,分析了时滞参数的辨识方法,讨论了新模型的建模机理。为了更好地对该模型的有效性进行验证,将优化的时滞GM(1,N)模型对南京市的雾霾进行预测分析,选择GM(1,N)模型、一元回归模型与文中的优化模型进行对比。结果显示,优化模型对PM₁₀浓度的拟合精度更高,且误差均控制在5%之内,从而验证了提出的优化模型适用于具有时滞特征数据的模拟和预测。