当归诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞

研究当归体外定向诱导人脂肪间充质干细胞(AMSCs)分化的作用.自皮下脂肪组织获得梭形细胞,观察细胞生物学特征,免疫组化鉴定波形蛋白和CD44.AMSCs用25×10-6L/mL〖JP〗当归注射液预诱导24 h后,用100×10-6L/mL当归注射液不含血清的DMEM/F12进行诱导.光镜下观察细胞形态变化,免疫细胞化学检测神经细胞特异性抗原标志.人脂肪组织中能够分离培养出生长旺盛的脂肪间充质干细胞,当归诱导24 h后,部分AMSCs转变为神经元样细胞,出现突起,免疫细胞化学染色NSE呈阳性、GFAP阴性.人脂肪间充质干细胞在体外可被当归诱导分化为神经元样细胞 .     

Master–slave synchronization criteria for chaotic hindmarsh–rose neurons using linear feedback control

This article is concerned with master–slave synchronization for two chaotic Hindmarsh–Rose neurons. The main contribution of this article is that three synchronization criteria are derived by using linear feedback control without the estimation of bounds of state variables of controlled slave neurons. Three simulation examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 319–327, 2016     

镧、钆、镱三种稀土离子诱导背根神经元凋亡及膜上钾电流的比较研究

运用流式细胞仪和膜片钳技术研究La3+,Gd3+,Yb3+三种稀土离子诱导大鼠背根神经元DRG凋亡以及膜上钾离子通道的影响。结果表明:10,100,1000μmol.L-1LaCl3和GdCl3处理DRG神经元96 h,细胞不出现凋亡;YbCl3处理96 h,细胞的凋亡率明显递增。胞外La3+,Gd3+,Yb3+抑制瞬间外向钾电流IA,使IA的激活和失活过程都显著右移,抑制和右移的程度La3+最弱,Gd3+次之,Yb3+最强;胞内的La3+,Gd3+,Yb3+抑制延迟整流钾电流IK,抑制的程度也呈增长趋势。稀土离子在胞内外的结合位点不同;Yb3+较La3+和Gd3+的神经毒性强。     

Classical Solutions for a Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equation Arising in Computational Neuroscience

In this paper we analyze the global existence of classical solutions to the initial boundary-value problem for a nonlinear parabolic equation describing the collective behavior of an ensemble of neurons. These equations were obtained as a diffusive approximation of the mean-field limit of a stochastic differential equation system. The resulting nonlocal Fokker-Planck equation presents a nonlinearity in the coefficients depending on the probability flux through the boundary. We show by an appropriate change of variables that this parabolic equation with nonlinear boundary conditions can be transformed into a non standard Stefan-like free boundary problem with a Dirac-delta source term. We prove that there are global classical solutions for inhibitory neural networks, while for excitatory networks we give local well-posedness of classical solutions together with a blow up criterium. Surprisingly, we will show that the spectrum for the operator in the linear case, that corresponding to a system of uncoupled networks, does not give any information about the large time asymptotic behavior.     

语言刺激对镜像神经系统激活情况的研究

镜像神经元在人类的动作理解,言语与语言,共情等方面都有深刻的影响,言语知觉的运动理论更是验证了镜像神经系统在人体中的重要作用.本文通过图片、音频、有声嘴部动作视频作为实验刺激,采集被试默读不同汉字时的脑电,进行预处理与时频分析,采用共空间模式生成脑电地形图,利用支持向量机得到3种刺激材料下不同状态的分类正确率.结果表明：随着刺激针对感官维度的加深,被试大脑运动皮层有明显激活,且激活范围更加集中明显,分类正确率也相应提升.音频刺激相对于图片刺激,两字的分类正确率总平均提高2.5%.视频刺激相对于图片刺激,两字的分类正确率总平均提高4.3%,为以后应用于临床脑损伤治疗做准备.     

随机共振神经元利用噪声辅助进行信号传输特性分析

根据生物神经元是利用噪声通过随机共振机制进行信息处理的现象,以阀值神经元为例,采用香农第二定理,分析了双极性信号和白噪声通过由多个神经元串联或并联组成的系统的输出情况,从品质因数、传输长度等角度对多个神经元串联系统的输出特性随噪声强度变化进行了分析．实验结果表明：系统存在随机共振现象,即存在最优的噪声量可以最大限度地增强信息传输;串联时传输信息量随级数的增大而减小,并联时正好相反;噪声的分布形式只影响共振效应的强弱,而不影响系统的随机共振特性;均匀白噪声比高斯白噪声有更强的共振效应．从而说明了噪声对信息传输的积极作用．     

Retrieval and chaos in layeredQ-Ising neural networks

Using a probabilistic approach, we study the parallel dynamics of theQ-Ising layered networks for arbitraryQ. By introducing auxiliary thermal fields, we express the stochastic dynamics within the gain function formulation of the deterministic dynamics. Evolution equations are derived for arbitraryQ at both zero and finite temperatures. An explicit analysis of the fixed-point equations is carried out for bothQ=3 andQ. The retrieval properties are discussed in terms of the gain parameter, the storage capacity, and the temperature. Using the time evolution of the distance between two network configurations, we investigate the possibility of microscopic chaos. Chaotic behavior is always present for arbitrary finiteQ. However, in the limitQ the existence of chaos depends on the parameters of the system.     

Effect of channel block on the collective spiking activity of coupled stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

Toxins, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) and tetrodotoxin (TTX), can make potassium or sodium ion channels poisoned, respectively, and hence reduce the number of working ion channels and lead to the diminishment of conductance. In this paper, we have studied by numerical simulations the effects of sodium and potassium ion channel poisoning on the collective spiking activity of an array of coupled stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neurons. It is found for a given number of neurons sodium or potas- sium ion channel block can either enhance or reduce the collective spiking regularity, depending on the membrane patch size. For a given smaller or larger patch size, potassium and sodium ion channel block can reduce or enhance the collective spiking regularity, but they have different patch size ranges for the transformation. This result shows that sodium or potassium ion channel block might have dif- ferent effects on the collective spiking activity in coupled HH neurons from the effects for a single neuron, which represents the interplay among the diminishment of maximal conductance and the in- crease of channel noise strength due to the channel blocks, as well as the bi-directional coupling be- tween the neurons.     

Endothelin 1 protects HN33 cells from serum deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis through Ca(2+)-PKCalpha-ERK pathway

Endothelins (ETs), which were originally found to be potent vasoactive transmitters, were known to be implicated in nervous system, but the mode of mechanism remains unclear. ETs (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3) were added to HN33 (mouse hippocampal neuron chi neuroblastoma) cells. Among the three types of ET, only ET-1 increased the intracellular calcium levels in a PLC dependent manner with the induction of ERK 1/2 activation. As the result of ET-1 exposure, the survival rate of HN33 cells and the PKCalpha translocation into the plasma membrane were increased. We suggest that ET-1 participated in the neuroprotective effect involving the calcium-PKCalpha-ERK1/2 pathway.     

THE PROPERTY OF PERIPHERAL INPUT OF PROJECTION NEURONS IN THE SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN

Antidromic and orthodromic responses of the projection neurons in the dorsal horn ofthe spinal cord have been recorded by a glass microelectrode in anesthetized and paralyz-ed cats. Furthermore, the effect of cervical segment antidromic stimulation to orthodromicresponse of the projection neurons has been observed by way of conditioning-test stimulation. Among all the spinocervical tract neurons (SCT), the dorsal column postsynaptic neu-rons (DCPS) and the spinocervical tract-dorsal column postsynaptic neurons (SCT-DCPS),which were identified by cervical segment antidromic stimulation, 46% are low-thresholdmechanoreceptive (LTM) and 54% are wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons. Most LTMneurons can evoke the same response to both 10 times (10 T) and 50 times (50 T) the thresh-old stimulation on the peroneal nerve. Most WDR neurons to 50 T intensity stimulation arestronger than the 10 T stimulation. Under the antidromic-cervical segment conditioningstimulation, the amount of orthodromic-discharging in most WD