Rationally complete semiprimary rings of index two

Let R be an associative unitary semiprimary ring of index two.Then R is left rationally complete if and only if the protective cover of every infective non-pro jective left simple is the infective hull of a non-pro jective left simple module.     

Synthesis and properties of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluoro and 4‐trifluoromethyl 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro styrenes: An intrachain interaction between methyl ester and fluoro aromatic moieties

2,3,4,5,6‐Pentafluoro and 4‐trifluoromethyl 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro styrenes were readily copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) by a free radical initiator. The copolymers were soluble in tetrahydrofuran and acetone. The films obtained were transparent and flexible. The glass transition temperatures (T_gs) of the copolymers were found positively deviated from the Gordon–Taylor equation. The positive deviation could be accounted for by dipole–dipole intrachain interaction between the methyl ester group of MMA and the highly fluorinated aromatic moiety, which resulted in a decrease in the segmental mobility of the polymer chains and the enhanced T_g values of the copolymers. The water absorption of PMMA was greatly decreased by copolymerization of MMA with the highly fluorinated styrenes. With as little as 10 mol % of pentafluoro styrene content in the copolymer, the water absorption was decreased to one‐third of that for pure PMMA. The fluorinated styrenes‐MMA copolymers were thermally stable up to 420 °C under air and nitrogen atmospheres. With 50 mol % of MMA in the copolymer, the copolymer was still stable up to 350 °C. Since these copolymers contain a large number of fluorine atoms, the light absorption in the region of the visible to near infrared is decreased in comparison with nonfluorinated polymers. Thus, these copolymers may be suitable for application in optical devices, such as optical fibers and waveguides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Synthesis of fluorinated polybenzoxazoles with low dielectric constants

Two fluorinated aromatic bis(o‐aminophenol)s, 1,1‐bis(3′‐amino‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐(3′‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (6FAP) and 1,1‐bis(3′‐amino‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐(3′,5′‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (9FAP) were synthesized, which were allowed to polycondense with aromatic diacyl chlorides to afford the fluorinated aromatic polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) via a conventional two‐step procedure in which the low‐temperature solution polycondensation process was first performed to yield poly(o‐hydroxyamide)s (PHAs) followed by the thermal cyclodehydration to give the PBOs. Experimental results indicated that the PHAs had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.29–0.68 dL/g, showing excellent solubility in organic solvents. The PHAs could be thermally cyclodehydrated into the corresponding PBOs at 260–370 °C. The obtained PBOs exhibited enhanced glass‐transition temperature but decreased solubility with respect to the PHAs. The PBOs showed glass‐transition temperatures in the range of 315–337 °C and excellent thermal stabilities with 5% original weight‐loss temperatures (T₅) of >513 °C. Additionally, the PBO films had average refractive index of 1.5298–1.5656, birefringence of 0.0051–0.0092, and low dielectric constants of 2.57–2.70. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

9,9′‐spirobifluorene‐containing polycarbonates: Transparent polymers with high refractive index and low birefringence

Syntheses of 2,2′‐bisalcoholic group‐substituted 9,9′‐spirobifluorene monomers 2 were performed by the reaction of 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene 2a with haloalcohols. Polycarbonates consisting of 9,9′‐spirobifluorene skeleton in the main chain (PC 4 ) were synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,2′‐bisalcoholic monomers 2 and triphosgene or diphenyl carbonate. PC 4 showed good thermal stability: the 5% weight loss temperature was over 330 °C under both nitrogen and air atmospheres. The glass transition temperature was in a range of 16–269 °C estimated by differential scanning calorimetry, depending on the flexibility of the alkylene or oxyethylene chains of 2 . PC 4 showed high solubility toward ordinary organic solvents such as CHCl₃, benzene, and THF, making possible the preparation of the flexible thin films. Very high refractive index in a range of 1.62–1.66 at 589 nm was observed although PC 4 consists only of C, H, and O atoms, whereas very low degree of birefringence was confirmed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3658–3667, 2010     

Measuring the interactions among variables of functions over the unit hypercube

By considering a least squares approximation of a given square integrable function f:n[0,1]→R by a multilinear polynomial of a specified degree, we define an index which measures the overall interaction among variables of f. This definition extends the concept of Banzhaf interaction index introduced in cooperative game theory. Our approach is partly inspired from multilinear regression analysis, where interactions among the independent variables are taken into consideration. We show that this interaction index has appealing properties which naturally generalize several properties of the Banzhaf interaction index. In particular, we interpret this index as an expected value of the difference quotients of f or, under certain natural conditions on f, as an expected value of the derivatives of f. Finally, we discuss a few applications of the interaction index in aggregation function theory.     

基于＂成本-效益＂指标的沥青路面大修技术评价体系

目前国内外针对沥青路面的大修技术的研究较多，但是却缺少对不同的大修技术进行客观评价的研究，难以指导具体的养护决策。在现有工程经济学和统计学的基础上，结合了路面残值的影响、养护投入的累积性等因素，提出了一个新的“成本一效益”指标，再综合时间的递增效益建立了“成本一效益”体系，评价结果更加客观、合理。选取了陕西省某公路近10年中每年的大、中、小修费用和交通量的数据作为基础数据，对3种大修技术进行了评价，得到微表处为最优的大修技术。     

手性三唑类化合物的QSRR研究

基于手性碳原子上取代基的次序规则定义了新型手性指数(Xj),将其引入电距矢量(Mf)建立手性电距矢量(c Mf).手性电距矢量与26种手性三唑类化合物在2种纤维素类手性固定相(Chiralcel OD和ChiralcelOJ)上的3类高效液相色谱(HPLC)容量因子(ND,RD,RJ)具有良好的相关性.通过最佳变量子集回归方法,建立了它们二元或三元的QSRR模型.ND,RD和RJ的复相关系数(R2)依次为0.868,0.992和0.925,相应逐一剔除法交叉验证系数(Q2)依次为0.789,0.982和0.863,表明这些模型具有良好的预测能力与稳健性.模型显示分子中-CH3,-CH2-,CH-,-NH-和-O-等基团间的相互作用是影响手性三唑类化合物容量因子的主要因素.     

Asymptotic behavior of intermediate points in the differential mean value theorem of divided differences with repetitions

By the explicit representation for the divided differences with repetitions involving cycle index of symmetric groups, this paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the intermediate point of the mean value theorem of divided differences with repetitions. Our results generalize some recent interesting results such as the asymptotic expansions of the immediate points of the Taylor formula and the differential mean value theorem of divided differences with distinct points.     

基于用户行为的数据关联关系获取方法

在对数据空间领域的研究中，对数据资源之间关联关系的研究逐渐成为一个研究热点.目前数据关系的研究主要集中在基于数据自身属性方面，基于此建立的数据关联关系没有考虑到用户对其产生的作用，所以在对数据管理、组织以及应用数据服务的过程中很难体现出用户的意愿.为此，提出一种基于用户行为的数据关联获取方法，通过对用户历史行为进行R/S分析，以判断用户行为是否为用户的有意识访问；并在此基础上对用户行为序列进行模式挖掘，得到用户行为模式，最终将行为模式包含的数据通过iTrail的形式建立数据关联关系.实验证明，采用本文方法可以取得较好的效果.     

企业可持续发展评价指标体系的基本内容

阐述了如何评价企业的可持续发展问题，企业可持续发展的评价指标体系及基本内容，对正确理解企业的可持续发展具有一定的意义