双螺旋辊式新型磨浆机螺旋套磨损机理的研究

利用金相组织分析和电子显微分析技术,结合生产实际,对已磨损的输料段和磨浆段的螺旋套进行磨损表面形貌分析,探讨螺旋套磨损机理.结果表明:输料段正螺旋套能够将纸浆料旋转送入机壳内,不承受较大的挤压应力,但由于纸浆料中含有腐蚀介质,其主要的磨损失效形式以腐蚀磨损为主,磨料磨损为辅;磨浆段反螺旋套本身无正输送能力,浆料在正输送组件作用下形成高压区,纤维与浆料之间产生较大摩擦力,导致纤维分离,进而使之分丝帚化和压溃,浆料水分降低,其主要的磨损失效形式为高应力磨料磨损,并伴有腐蚀磨损.     

A sheath flow gating interface for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction with capillary electrophoresis

A sheath flow gating interface (SFGI) is presented for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The design, construction and operation of the SFGI are described in detail. After operating conditions were investigated and selected, the SFGI was evaluated on a SPE–CE–UV setup using hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith as the absorbent and using three phenols as the test analytes. The preconcentration factors obtained with the SPE–CE–UV system and the SPE–UV part are 530 and 550, respectively. The plate numbers obtained using the SPE–CE–UV system are slightly better than or comparable to those with the CE–UV part. The precisions (RSDs) of 100 consecutive injections are 2.43%, 3.86%, and 4.25% for peak height, peak area and migration time, respectively. The measured recoveries for the river water samples spiked at three different levels are in the range of 93.6–102.8% with the interday RSD values ranging from 2.0 to 4.5% (n = 3). These data collectively demonstrate that the SFGI has the ability to exactly and reproducibly transfer nanoliters of fractions from SPE onto CE with no degradation of the efficiencies of SPE and CE, suggesting a great potential to be routinely used for the coupling of SPE, microcolumn LC or FIA with CE.     

具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构

很多关于等离子体鞘层的研究工作都是基于电子满足经典的麦克斯韦速度分布函数,而等离子体中的粒子具有长程电磁相互作用,使用Tsallis提出的非广延分布来描述电子更为恰当.本文建立一个具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘模型,理论推导出受非广延参数q影响的玻姆判据,离子马赫数的下限数值会随着参数q的增大而减小.经过数值模拟,发现与具有麦克斯韦分布(q=1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘对比,具有超广延分布(q<1)和亚广延分布(q>1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构各有不同,包括空间电势分布、离子电子密度分布、空间电荷密度分布.模拟结果显示非广延分布的参数q对碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构具有不可忽略的影响.希望这些结论对相关的天体物理、等离子体边界问题的研究有参考价值.     

Numerical study of an electrostatic plasma sheath with non-thermal electrons and charged nanoparticles

Numerical solutions of the multi-fluid equations are used to investigate the effects of non-thermal electrons on the structure of an electrostatic plasma sheath in the presence of nano-sized dust grains. It is assumed that electrons obey the Cairns distribution [Cairns et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2709 (1995)], with a parameter α that determines the effect of non-thermal electrons and shows the deviation from the Maxwellian distribution. The results revealed that sheath parameters are strongly modified in the presence of non-thermal electrons and with increasing α the sheath width increases. With the increase in α, the absolute dust charge increases while the dust density is reduced.     

Positive ion speed at the plasma–sheath boundary of a negative ion-emitting electrode

One-dimensional fluid model for a planar sheath in front of a negative ion-emitting electrode surface immersed in a collision-less, non-magnetized, electronegative plasma is presented. It was found that the positive ion speed at the plasma–sheath boundary (PSB) increases linearly with negative ion emission from the electrode but attains a saturation value as soon as a virtual cathode is formed near the electrode surface. The effect of negative ion emission on the pre-sheath region shows that the potential drop increases across the pre-sheath in accordance with the rise in positive ion speed at the PSB. The sheath width obtained using the present model shows a similar trend as the Child-Langmuir law, but its magnitude is found to be consistently higher compared with a non-emitting electrode. A plausible explanation has been given to explain these effects.     

电解质对带电磷脂自组装行为的影响

运用光学显微镜研究了电解质对心磷脂聚集形态的影响. 结果表明, 阳离子的价态和浓度对心磷脂的聚集形态有很大影响, 而离子半径及同一价态下离子种类的影响相对较小. 在一定浓度范围的一价电解质溶液中, 可见同中心的多层管状囊泡的生长, 而且囊管的长度L与生长时间t的标度关系不因电解质种类和浓度的改变而改变. 随着电解质浓度的增加, 除通常的囊管结构外, 还出现了单螺旋、双螺旋甚至超螺旋的结构.     

玉米纹枯病抗性与防御酶关系的研究

以玉米抗、感纹枯病的4个品种为材料，研究了玉米2个抗性品种和2个感病品种在接种玉米纹枯病菌后苯丙氯酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性的动态变化，结果发现，在玉米接种R．solani后，POD、PAL、PPO和SOD活性有不同程度的增加，抗病品种瓦试13和沈试28比感病品种沈试29和掖单13增加的幅度大，酶活高峰出现的早，并发现玉米接种纹枯病菌后SOD活性均表现为先增加然后降低的趋势．     

等离子体窄通道中的电磁波传播特性分析

在等离子体鞘套中激光成丝形成等离子体通道,该通道可以被等效为内部是低密度等离子体、外层为无限大厚底高密度等离子覆层的等离子体圆柱波导。分析了该模型下的传播特性,重点讨论了各类模式下的特征方程、截止的条件及波导的截止特性。     

不同温度下固井水泥导热系数的研究

为研究不同温度下固井水泥石传热能力的变化规律,使用平板热流计法测试了不同温度下纯水泥和空心玻璃微珠水泥的导热系数;同时,通过模型拟合,确定了测试温度与导热系数间的数值关系。结果表明,随着热采时间的延长,固井水泥石两侧温度同时增加,且变化幅度较大;水泥石导热系数与孔隙度呈线性关系,孔隙度越大,测试温度对导热系数影响越小。测试温度对不同水灰比的纯水泥和空心玻璃微珠水泥影响规律相同,热板和冷板温度的提高均能增大导热系数,但冷板温度变化对导热系数的影响显著强于热板温度;平均温度一定时,冷板温度越高导热系数越大;水泥石导热系数与测试温度的数值关系均可用Parabola2D模型来计算。研究成果可为地热井热损失的精确计算和井口水温的精准预测提供一定借鉴。