星载离轴多光谱相机焦平面的装调与检测

针对某离轴多光谱相机焦平面高精度的装调要求,设计了焦平面组件,阐述了装调、检测的仪器设备和方法。首先将焦平面组件安装至镜头,测量并解算出CCD光敏面的角度和位移偏差,接着根据偏差确定调整垫修研量,进行初次修垫并重新安装,然后利用调整工装微调CCD姿态至满足指标要求,调整垫处打销钉定位,最后根据拟合出的最佳焦平面位置再次修研调整垫,利用销钉复位完成装调工作。检测结果表明,相机的CCD光敏面相对于设计焦平面三维角度偏差分别为Δα=-6.7″,Δβ=1.9',Δγ=13.2″,三维位移偏差分别为Δx=-0.004 mm,Δy=0.006 mm,Δz=-0.070 mm,相机四谱段、全视场MTF优于0.25,满足设计和装调要求。测量和解算误差分析表明,所用的设备与方法能够满足装调精度的要求,可以为此类相机的研制提供一定的技术参考。     

A new micro programmable blazed grating (μPBG) and its application to multispectral imaging

A new micro programmable blazed grating (μPBG) was designed, fabricated and characterized using the two-layer polysilicon surface micromachining process. The μPBG presented is simple in structure and has the capability of continuous spectral tuning for a wide wavelength range. To maximize the operational blazed angle, dimple structure was adopted as the key component for grating slats, and its height was close to the air gap. By the measurements, the developed μPBG sample can reach a maximum blazed angle of...     

Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter: A New Generation onochromator and more

ABSTRACT

The acousto-optic tunable filter is a compact, all solid state electronic monochromator. It is based on the acousto-optic interaction in an anisotropic crystal. Compared to conventional grating monochromtors, the AOTF has no moving parts, wider spectral tuning range (from UV though visible and near-IR to IR), higher throughput, higher resolution (few angstroms), faster scanning speed (μs) and imaging capability. These features make it possible to use the filter to develop novel instruments which are not possible otherwise. The instrumentation development and unique advantages of such AOTF based instruments including a multidimensional fluorimeter, detectors for HPLC and flow injection analysis, and a multispectral imaging instrument are described.     

Fast acquisition of reflectance spectra using wide spectral lines

We analyze a recently proposed technique for fast acquisition of the two-dimensional (2D) spatial distribution of reflectance spectra to figure out how much its ability of distinguishing almost similar spectra declines with increase of the spectral line bandwidth of the light source. This analysis was carried out using the experimentally measured reflectance spectra of four metameric samples and simulating the system response to an illumination by spectral lines with variable bandwidth. It was shown that the metameric samples are distinguishable even when the bandwidth of illuminating lines is 20–30 nm. A wider bandwidth allows implementation of simultaneous illumination of an object that leads to a diminution of the acquisition time of 2D-multispectral images due to both faster operation in the parallel mode of Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) switching and higher output power.     

一种高分辨率多光谱图像的多尺度分割方法

综合扩展的分水岭变换和分水线动态范围,提出了适用于高分辨率多光谱图像的多尺度分割方法。该方法首先计算多光谱图像的梯度,接着去除梯度图像上不相关的局部最小区域,然后计算分水岭的动态范围,通过设置不同的阈值,得到多层次（多尺度）分割结果。采用城市地区的高分辨率数据来评价所提出的方法,并与现有的图像分割方法进行比较。实验结果表明,该方法可生成多层次的分割结果,并较准确地分割出地物特征。分割结果反映了地物的多层次信息,为后续的面向对象分析提供了有意义的参考。     

碳封存工程泄漏超高CO2浓度对植被影响的多光谱遥感监测应用

利用天然CO_2气田模拟碳封存工程泄漏超高浓度CO_2后对生态环境影响研究基地,借助多光谱高分辨率遥感技术,在获取多个时相的卫星影像基础上,监测当地植被指数及变化趋势。结果表明:多光谱遥感技术能很好的应用于因高浓度CO_2泄漏造成的植被影响监测,既适用于微小尺度的精细监测,同时也对宏观范围内植被监测起到很好的效果,为完善我国二氧化碳地质封存工程环境影响监测技术方法体系提供科学支撑。     

多光谱目标探测的波段选择

利用超光谱数据对多光谱传感器的波段选择提出了一个框架。根据探测理论,导出了一个代价函数,对于区分弱小目标和杂波(光谱分布已知)的探测性能最优的光谱波段来说,可使该函数最小。利用匹配追踪算法找到了一个近似最小的代价函数,从而选出了滤波器。该方法可用于设计多光谱红外搜索跟踪和光电导弹预警传感器。在杂波背景下,对小目标探测的低虚警率和高探测概率来说是至关重要的。     

多光谱光声层析成像及其在生物医学中的应用

多光谱光声层析成像(MSOT)技术是一种将多光谱成像与光声层析成像(PACT)技术相结合的新技术,该技术利用不同生物组织的光谱吸收特性,用多组不同波长的短脉冲激光照射组织以产生组织特异性的光声信号,从而更好地进行光声成像和组分识别。MSOT兼具光学成像的高灵敏度、高分辨率优势和超声成像可对数厘米深组织成像的长处,同时又能弥补光学成像深度有限和超声成像对比度差的短处,能够实现深层组织的高分辨率、高对比度、高穿透深度的实时无损伤成像。迄今为止,MSOT已应用于肿瘤内光吸收粒子的检测、血管结构和血液氧合作用的评价、生物荧光蛋白的成像以及乳腺癌患者检测的初步研究。随着光声成像系统的不断改进,MSOT与生物标记物(如荧光试剂、金纳米颗粒等)结合对体内分子进行成像,在生物医学中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要综述了MOST的成像原理、实验装置及其性能特点,着重总结了其在生物医学领域的最新应用进展,尤其是在新生血管成像、肿瘤的早期诊断及肿瘤的原位成像方面。     

A Texture Combined Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Segmentation for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for volume estimation and visualization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In some cases, segmentation using the general multispectral (GM) method often obtained poor results due to the high false positives caused by complex anatomic structures and serious overlap in feature space. In this study, a texture combined multispectral fuzzy clustering (TCMFC) segmentation algorithm was proposed. A texture measure of T1-weighted (T1) MR image was introduced by calculating the two-order central statistical information of every pixel within a window after the window convolution operation. The texture measure and the intensities in T1 and contrast-enhanced T1 images formed the new 3-D feature vector for fuzzy clustering implemented by semi-supervised fuzzy c-means (SFCM). Testing showed that by reducing the false positives significantly, the TCMFC method achieved improved segmentation results, compared with the GM method.     

基于运动估计和感兴趣区域的干涉多光谱图像压缩算法

为了有效地压缩干涉多光谱图像，提出一种采用基于运动估计和感兴趣区域的小波变换和非对称零树编码的图像压缩算法．根据干涉多光谱图像平移和光谱分布特点，在小波变换中使用运动估计并提升强干涉区小波系数，以减小谱间相关性，并使强干涉区优先编码．算法采用非对称零树编码，符合小波变换后图像序列形成的非对称结构．实验结果表明：该算法在8倍压缩时，整幅图像的峰值信噪比比三维分层树集合分割序列编码算法（3DSPIHT）提高了0．35～0．49dB，比2DSPIHT提高了2．24～2．62dB；强干涉区峰值信噪比比JPEG2000比特平面位移算法提高了0．29～0．38dB；46个谱段的光谱失真均方误差平均值减小到9．69，有效地保护了光谱信息．